Unit A Section 3,4 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what does DNA contain
your genetic code (blueprint)
what is the form of
twisting ladder (double helix)
Where are nucleotides found?
‘Rung’ of DNA ladder
name the bonds of nucleotides
Thymine- adenine
Guanine-cytosine
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans contain
23 (46 in total)
what are chromosomes made up of
Genes
Define genes
Uninterrupted segments of DNA with coded instructions
What are alleles
Inherited characteristics
where does mitosis occur
body cells
what happens in mitosis
parent cell causes 2 daughter cells to be produced, with full sets of DNA
What happens in meiosis
Cells with only half of the DNA are produced
what does meiosis produce
Sex cells (gametes)
How do you show a purebred
2 capital or 2 lowercase letters (depending on dominance)
How do you show a hybrid
1 uppercase and 1 lowercase
define dominant trait
what we see when 2 opposite cells are inherited
define recessive trait
A trait only visible when there is no dominant trait present
Define hybrid
An organism produced from 2 purebred
what is in-situ conservation
Maintenance of population of an organism within its ecosystem
ex situ conservation
Conservation of biological diversity outside of their natural habitat
define biotechnology
a technology that uses living things to create agricultural,industrial or medicinal products
3 types of biotechnology
- cloning plants
- artificial reproductive technology
- genetic engineering
what do they use to clone plants
Petri dish containing a cell with the desirable trait
2 types of artificial reproduction
- insemination
- in Vitor fertilization
___________ is when the sperm is harvested from the male and inserted into the female
Artificial insemination
_________ Is when sperm and egg are fertilized in Petri dish
In vitro fertilization
Define genetic engineering
A technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism
Define extrication
Extinction in a certain area
Where is DNA found?
in the nucleus
