Unit B.1 Science 10 Flashcards
What is motion?
Motion is an object travelling a specific distance in a certain amount of time
How can we analyze motion?
By comparing it’s initial position to it’s final position
What is an object’s initial motion called?
It’s called the “reference point” and all observations are made in relation to that point
What is uniform motion?
It’s the term used to describe an object that moves in the same direction at a constant speed (No acceleration, No change in direction).
What is the simplest type of motion and what’s the most common one?
The simplest type of motion is Uniform Motion
The most common type of motion is Acceleration
What is average speed and what is the formula for it?
Average speed is uniform motion that involves travelling a specific distance in a specified time
v = ∆d/∆t : (d final - initial) ÷ (t final - initial) = Average speed
∆: What is this thing and what does it mean?
That is the Greek letter delta and it means “change in”
What are the 2 types of graphs used to describe uniform motion?
Distance - time graph and Speed-time graph
What does each type of line (flat, diagonal and curve) of the distance-time graph represent?
Horizontal (Flat): Non-Moving Object (at rest)
Diagonal: Constant Uniform Motion
Upward Curve (smiley face): Positive Acceleration (slope is increasing)
Downward Curve (sad face): Negative Acceleration (slope is decreasing)
What does the slope on a distance-time graph tell you?
Speed
What is the formula for slope?
Slope = rise/run = (y2 - y1) ÷ (x2 - x1)
What does each type of line (flat, horizontal and diagonal) of the speed-time graph represent?
flat horizontal line: Uniform motion
Flat horizontal line at 0: Rest
Upward Diagonal Slope: Increasing Acceleration
Downward Diagonal Slope: Decreasing Acceleration
What does the slope on a speed-time graph tell you?
Acceleration
What does the area under a speed-time graph tell you?
Distance
What is the difference between speed and velocity
Speed is only magnitude, velocity is magnitude and direction therefore being a vector quantity
What are examples of scalar and vector quantities (Give 5 each)
Scalar: Time, Distance, Speed, Mass, Temperature
Vector: Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration, Force, Gravity
How are vector directions shown and why are they important?
Vector directions are shown by the negative and positive signs and when writing out a formula and answer for formula’s including vector quantities, you should always put + or - before them
Why is average velocity uniform motion?
Because it doesn’t take into account speeding up or slowing down
What is the formula for average velocity?
→ →
V: d/ t
Avg Velocity = Displacement/time
What is the slope of a position time graph?
Velocity
What is the slope of a velocity time graph?
Acceleration
What is the slope of an acceleration time graph?
Jerk/Jolt
What is the area of an acceleration-time graph?
Change in Velocity
What are the 2 ways positive acceleration can occur?
- When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and the direction are positive
- When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and direction are negative
What are the 2 ways negative acceleration can occur?
- When the change in magnitude of the velocity is negative while the direction is positive
- When the change in magnitude of the velocity is positive while the direction is negative
When does acceleration exist?
When velocity (so either speed or direction) changes, Acceleration Exists
What is the acceleration formula?
a = (vf - vi) ÷ (t) = m/s²
What is the best sort of line for acceleration on a displacement - time graph?
A smooth curve
- A curved line on a position-time graph means the object is accelerating
What is the best sort of line for acceleration on a velocity - time graph?
For accelerated motion, the line of best fit is a horizontal line (straight line with an increasing slope)
This indicates that the velocity of the object is increasing with time
- Increasing slope = Positive Acceleration
- Decreasing slope = Negative Acceleration
Who described the important relationships between forces and motion
Isaac Newton
What is force?
- Force can be described as a push or pull on an object
- Forces can be used to transfer energy or convert one energy form to another
What is force measured in?
Newtons
What does 1 Newton equal?
1 Newton = 1kg m/s²
Force = Mass x Acceleration
With an unbalanced force, the force acting in one direction is greater than the force in the other direction, true or false?
True
What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
- Balanced forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction; they cancel each other out
- Unbalanced forces are forces that are not equal in magnitude or are not opposite in direction
What happens if an unbalanced force is applied to a moving object?
It will either speed up or slow down (Accelerate)
How will an object speed up with an unbalanced force?
If the unbalanced force is applied in the same direction of the object’s movement, the object will speed up
How will an object slow down with an unbalanced force?
If the unbalanced force is applied in the opposite direction of the object’s movement, the object will slow down
What does an object do if there’s no external unbalanced forces?
In the absence of any external unbalanced forces such as resistive forces, all object tend to stay in uniform motion or at rest
An object in motion will stay in motion and no energy input is required for it to stay in uniform motion, true or false?
True
What is energy?
The ability to do work
What is work?
The transfer of energy from one object to another or from one form of energy to another
When is work being done in terms of physics?
Whenever a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of the force, then work is being done on the object
What is the formula for work?
Work(J) = applied force(N) . distance the object moves(m)
W = Fd
1 Joule = 1 newton-meter
What are the 3 conditions for work to be done on an object?
#1: There must be movement of the object #2: There must be a force at all times from the person itself #3: The force and the distance must be in the same direction as the object travelling
What is a derived unit?
A formula made up of multiple fundamental units
What is the fundamental units for joule?
1 Joule = 1 Kg m²/s²
On a Force-Displacement graph, if there is constant force being applied through a distance on an object, then what line should it be?
A horizontal line
What does the area under the line of best fit tell us on a Force-Displacement graph?
The work input
What is work input & output?
Force applied = work input (energy input)
Energy being transferred = Work output (energy output)
Is a change in energy and work the same thing?
Yes because energy is the ability to do work
If work is given in joules then so is energy
∆E = W
J = J
