Unit B 3.2 Flashcards
What are the 4 simple machines scientists were limited to?
The lever, wheel and axle, pulley and screw
Why did they start to work on a internal combustion engine?
Because trees got cut down and people needed coal and the demand for coal grew, so they had to dig deeper but there was water and they couldn’t pump it out efficiently
What are the 2 simple machines that failed at pumping out water and why?
Archimedes screw and the Persian wheel, which are turbines, could not lift the water very far because of the downward force of the water;
the water was too heavy to lift in those
What is a reciprocating pump and why did it not work?
With a reciprocating pump, atmospheric pressure could only push water up to a height of 9m, so it was limited in height.
What are the 10 improvements of machines in order and by who and when?
1654: Otto von Guericke demonstrated the forces of vacuums
1680: Gunpowder engine; Christian Huygens
1690: First heat engine; Denis Papin
1698: The savery engine; Thomas savery invented the first successful steam powered pump
1712: The Newcomen engine; Thomas Newcomen invented the next heat engine also using steam as a driving force
1763: James watt; Designed a more efficient steam engine by making the condenser in another cylinder
1794: Robert Steele looked for another source than steam and used oil and tar to ignite flame and gas
1801: Philippe Lebon: improved on steels design; used coal gas ignited by electric spark
1867: Eugene Langen; improved efficiency of combustion engine by compressing coal gas-air before igniting
1880s: Gottlieb Daimler; designed combo engine with gasoline instead of coal
Developing new technologies can lead to new scientific concepts
Thus new scientific concepts can lead to developing newer and better technology
Yea
