Unit B | Topic 4-5 | The periodic table Flashcards
learn?
Who made The Periodic Table?
A Russian chemist named:
Dmitri Mendeleev
Why did Dmitri Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?
For elements that could still be discovered
What does the Atomic # on an element block represent?
The amount of Protons (and electrons) in a neutral atom
What does the large letter(s) on an element block represent?
The element symbol:
represents the element name
What does the atomic mass on an element block represent?
The Protons and Neutrons in an atom
How are elements organized?
- Atomic #
- Groups (columns)
- Periods (rows)
- reactivity (valence e-)
What are periods on the Periodic Table?
7 rows that represent an elements amount of shells
What are groups on the Periodic Table
18 columns that represents an elements amount of valence electrons
Where can metals be found on the periodic table?
- Most of the left side (colums 1-13)
- some in columns 13-16
- Hydrogen is not included
What metal is the only liquid metal on the Periodic Table?
Mercury (Hg)
Properties of metals
- Malleable (hammered into sheets)
- Ductile (rolled into wires)
- Solid (state)
- Luster (shine)
- Conductivity (how well heat + electricity pass through it)
- Boiling point (high = stable)
What are nonmetals in the Periodic table?
Usually dull and brittle materials in the form of a solid or gas (except Bromine)
Where can nonmetals be found on the periodic table?
- Right side (columns 13-15) of the “staircase”
- Includes Hydrogen
Why is hydrogen located on the left side of the periodic table despite being defined as a nonmetal?
Because Hydrogen only has one valence electron
What are Metalloids?
A group of elements that are:
- all solid
- semiconductors
- similar properties to metals
Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
Between metals and nonmetals
What are Alkali metals on the periodic table?
- Located in group 1 (excludes hydrogen)
- Soft and shiny metals
- Extremely reactive (due to their low amount of valence electrons)
What are Alkaline Earth metals on the periodic table?
- Located in group 2
- Denser than Alkali metals
- Reactive, but not as reactive as Alkali metals
What are transition metals on the periodic table?
- Located in groups 3-12
- Includes common metals such as silver and copper
- They form coloured compounds
- Usually hard and tough
How can the families of groups 13-16 be identified
They can be identified by the element which is located at the top of their group
(i.e group 14’s head element is carbon, so group 14 is the carbon family)
What are halogens on the periodic table?
- Located in group 17
- They react vigorously with other elements
- Often found in compounds
What are noble gases on the periodic table?
- Located in group 18
- Nonreactive (stable)
- All located in earths atmosphere (in small amounts)
