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Bio - 30 Reveiw > Unit B - Reproduction Systems > Flashcards

Unit B - Reproduction Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Lable the Female reproductive organs.

A

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2
Q

What do the Ovaries do?

A

House and mature ova, and secrete hormones.

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3
Q

What do the fallopian tubes do?

A

Facillitate egg transport, and are the place of fertilization.

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4
Q

What does the uterus do?

A

Where the fertilized egg implants and develops, and the place where sheading occurs during periods.

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5
Q

What does the endometrium do?

A

The lining of the uterus that thickens with nutrients and blood and sheads during menstration.

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6
Q

What is the cervix?

A

the narrow end to the uterus that opens into the vaginal canal.

Serves as a barrier protecting the fetus in pregnancy

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7
Q

What is the vagina?

A

A tube that leads to the cervix

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8
Q

Lable the male reproductive organs

A

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9
Q

What are the testes

A

They are glands that produce sperm and secrete male hormones, primarily testosterone.

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10
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

(Inside testes) where sperm production (spermatogenesis) takes place.

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11
Q

What do interstitial cells do?

A

(found in seminifierous tubules, they produce and secrete testosterone.)

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12
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A

(Found within the seminiferous tubules of the testes) They support and nourish developing sperm cells,

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13
Q

what does the epididymis do?

A

Stores and matures sperm cells produced in the testes.

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14
Q

What does the vas deferens do?

A

transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.

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15
Q

what does the cowper’s gland do?

A

Produces Mucus

COWpers gland produces MOOO-cus

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16
Q

what does the seminal vesicles do?

A

Produce a fluid that contains Fructose (energy for sperm) and prostaglandins (causes contractions)

Seminal = Surgar | Vesicles = Violent Contractions

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17
Q

what does the prostate gland do?

A

Release alkane (basic) buffers that protect from acidic vagina

Prostate Gland = Ph Guardian

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18
Q

What is the function of the Ejaculatory Duct?

A

tube that connects vas deferens and the seminal vesicle to the Urethra.

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19
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Carries both urine and semen out of the body.

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20
Q

Lable and describe the different parts of the sperm

A

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21
Q

Lable the cross section of a testis.

A

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22
Q

Lable the structures inside a ovary.

A

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23
Q

What is semen composed of?

A

Sperm

Seminal fluid: A thick, mucusy, alkaline fluid produced by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s glands.

Fructose

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24
Q

Describe the pathway that sperm follows through the male reproductive tract.

A

Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.

25
What chromosomal composition leads to the gonad development in a embryo?
XX → Girl (Ovaries and vagina) XY → (penis and testes)
26
Describe the role of the Y chromosome and testosterone in the determination of sex characteristics.
Y chromosome: contains the SRY gene which develops primary male characteristics (testes inside body) Testosterone: essential for secondary sexual characteristics (deeper voice and facial hair) | Testosterone also helps formation of external genitalia
27
What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics
Primary → what you are born with Secondary → develop over time
28
Where is GnRH's production, target, and function in the male system
Produced: Hypothalamus Target: Anterior Pituitary Function: Stimulates the production of FSH and LH
29
Where is LH's production, target, and function in the male system
Produced: Anterior Pituitary Target: Interstitial cells Function: Stimulates Testosterone production
30
Where is FSH's production, target, and function in the male system
Produced: Anterior Pituitary Target: Sertoli Cells & Seminiferous Tubules Function: Stimulates Sperm and inhibin production
31
Where is Testosterone's production, target, and function in the male system
Produced: Interstitial cells Target: Seminiferous Tubules Function: Stimulates Sperm production | as well as secondary sex characteristics
32
Where is GnRH's production, target, and function in the **female** system
Produced: Hypothalamus Target: Pituitary Function: Stimulates FSH and LH production
33
Where is FSH's production, target, and function in the **female** system
Produced: Pituitary Target: Follicles in Ovaries Function: Stimulates maturation of follicles and the release of estrogen from them
34
Where is LH's production, target, and function in the **female** system
Produced: Pituitary Target: Mature Follicle and Corpus Luteum Function: Stimulates Ovulation and the formation of corpus luteum. Afterwards, it stimulates progesterone and estrogen production in the corpus luteum.
35
Where is Estrogen's production, target, and function in the **female** system
Produced: Mature Follicle and corpus Luteum Target: Endometrium and pituitary Function: Thickens endometrium and exerts negative feedback on FSH, and stimulates LH.
36
Where is Progesterone's production, target, and function in the **female** system
Produced: Mature Follicle and corpus Luteum Target: Endometrium and pituitary Function: Maintians endometrium, prevents uterine contractions (myometrium) and exerts negative feedback LH.
37
Identify the hormones that stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females.
Estrogen and progesterone
38
What provides negative feedback control of the secretions of FSH, LH in the male system? Where does it provide it to?
Testoterone and Inhibin Provides it to both pituitary and Hypothalamus
39
What are the steps in the menstral cycle when it comes to hormones
1. Hypothalamus produces GnRH 2. Pituitary gland produces FSH and some LH 3. FSH stimulates development of follicles and estrogen production 4. Estrogen exerts negative feedback on FSH and stimulates large increase in LH 5. Spike in LH causes ovulation 6. Progesterone creates a negative feedback on pituitary gland to stop producing LH and FSH 7. Progesterone and estrogen have a negative feedback on GnRH
40
(#1) What happens in the menstral phase (days 1-5) | Hormones and special events
GnRH, Estrogen, and progesterone are low The corpus luteum has degenerated leading to decreased hormone production causing the shedding of the endometrial lining
41
(#2) What happens in the Follicular phase (days 5-13) | Hormones and special events
GnRH is increasing Estrogen is rising and progesterone is low Follicle maturation and endometrial lining thickens
42
(#3) What happens in the Ovulation (day 14) | Hormones and special events
GnRH is at peak Estrogen peaks and progesterone is low follicle ruptures, releasing egg and continued thickening of endometrial lining.
43
(#4) What happens in the Luteal Phase (days 15-28) | Hormones and special events
GnRH is at medium Estrogen decrease and progesterone reaches peak if no implamentation corpus luteum degenerates and causes decreases in all hormone levels.
44
When guessing between FSH and estrogen concentrations in a menstral cycle graph, how can you tell the difference
Estrogen has a large peak and FSH has a small peak.
45
What is menopause? What happens to hormone production?
The biological end to menstral cycles in a women. Very little hormone production. (often causing mood swings) | can be treated with hormone suppliments
46
where does fertilization happen?
Fallopian tube
47
Where does implantation occur?
Endometrium
48
What are the steps to implentation of zygote right after ovulation?
1. Ova enters fallopian tube 2. sperm enter through the vagina and into the uterus and fallopian tubes 3. egg is fertilized 4. egg travels to the uterus where it gets implanted.
49
What is a zygote?
A combined egg and sperm cell
50
what is cleavage?
Process of cellular division without the **enlargement** of cells.
51
What is a morula?
A 16-cell zygote, found before implantation
52
What is a Blastocyst?
A morula that has absorbed fluid from the endometrium BUT doesn't have to be IMPLANTED
53
What does the endometrium do to a emplanted embryo?
Provides nutrients
54
what is the Amnion's function
Encloses the amniotic cavity, providing a protective cushion of amniotic fluid that surrounds the developing embryo/fetus.
55
How is the Chorion developed, and what is its function
Arises from the trophoblast. Contributes to the formation of the fetal portion of the placenta.
56
what is the Allantois's function
forms foundations of umbilical cord that degerates into urinary bladder.
57
what is the function of the placenta
place for nutrient and waste transport **diffusion** | Does not filter drugs and diseases
58
what is the function of the umbilical cord
carries nutrients and oxygen to baby
59

Bio - 30 Reveiw (3 decks)

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