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Bio - 30 Reveiw > Unit B - Reproduction Systems > Flashcards

Unit B - Reproduction Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lable the Female reproductive organs.

A

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2
Q

What do the Ovaries do?

A

House and mature ova, and secrete hormones.

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3
Q

What do the fallopian tubes do?

A

Facillitate egg transport, and are the place of fertilization.

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4
Q

What does the uterus do?

A

Where the fertilized egg implants and develops, and the place where sheading occurs during periods.

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5
Q

What does the endometrium do?

A

The lining of the uterus that thickens with nutrients and blood and sheads during menstration.

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6
Q

What is the cervix?

A

the narrow end to the uterus that opens into the vaginal canal.

Serves as a barrier protecting the fetus in pregnancy

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7
Q

What is the vagina?

A

A tube that leads to the cervix

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8
Q

Lable the male reproductive organs

A

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9
Q

What are the testes

A

They are glands that produce sperm and secrete male hormones, primarily testosterone.

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10
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

(Inside testes) where sperm production (spermatogenesis) takes place.

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11
Q

What do interstitial cells do?

A

(found in seminifierous tubules, they produce and secrete testosterone.)

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12
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A

(Found within the seminiferous tubules of the testes) They support and nourish developing sperm cells,

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13
Q

what does the epididymis do?

A

Stores and matures sperm cells produced in the testes.

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14
Q

What does the vas deferens do?

A

transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.

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15
Q

what does the cowper’s gland do?

A

Produces Mucus

COWpers gland produces MOOO-cus

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16
Q

what does the seminal vesicles do?

A

Produce a fluid that contains Fructose (energy for sperm) and prostaglandins (causes contractions)

Seminal = Surgar | Vesicles = Violent Contractions

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17
Q

what does the prostate gland do?

A

Release alkane (basic) buffers that protect from acidic vagina

Prostate Gland = Ph Guardian

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18
Q

What is the function of the Ejaculatory Duct?

A

tube that connects vas deferens and the seminal vesicle to the Urethra.

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19
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Carries both urine and semen out of the body.

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20
Q

Lable and describe the different parts of the sperm

A

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21
Q

Lable the cross section of a testis.

A

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22
Q

Lable the structures inside a ovary.

A

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23
Q

What is semen composed of?

A

Sperm

Seminal fluid: A thick, mucusy, alkaline fluid produced by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s glands.

Fructose

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24
Q

Describe the pathway that sperm follows through the male reproductive tract.

A

Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.

25
Q

What chromosomal composition leads to the gonad development in a embryo?

A

XX → Girl (Ovaries and vagina)
XY → (penis and testes)

26
Q

Describe the role of the Y chromosome and testosterone in the determination of sex
characteristics.

A

Y chromosome:
contains the SRY gene which develops primary male characteristics (testes inside body)

Testosterone: essential for secondary sexual characteristics (deeper voice and facial hair)

Testosterone also helps formation of external genitalia

27
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics

A

Primary → what you are born with
Secondary → develop over time

28
Q

Where is GnRH’s production, target, and function in the male system

A

Produced: Hypothalamus
Target: Anterior Pituitary
Function: Stimulates the production of FSH and LH

29
Q

Where is LH’s production, target, and function in the male system

A

Produced: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Interstitial cells
Function: Stimulates Testosterone production

30
Q

Where is FSH’s production, target, and function in the male system

A

Produced: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Sertoli Cells & Seminiferous Tubules
Function: Stimulates Sperm and inhibin production

31
Q

Where is Testosterone’s production, target, and function in the male system

A

Produced: Interstitial cells
Target: Seminiferous Tubules
Function: Stimulates Sperm production

as well as secondary sex characteristics

32
Q

Where is GnRH’s production, target, and function in the female system

A

Produced: Hypothalamus
Target: Pituitary
Function: Stimulates FSH and LH production

33
Q

Where is FSH’s production, target, and function in the female system

A

Produced: Pituitary
Target: Follicles in Ovaries
Function: Stimulates maturation of follicles and the release of estrogen from them

34
Q

Where is LH’s production, target, and function in the female system

A

Produced: Pituitary
Target: Mature Follicle and Corpus Luteum
Function: Stimulates Ovulation and the formation of corpus luteum. Afterwards, it stimulates progesterone and estrogen production in the corpus luteum.

35
Q

Where is Estrogen’s production, target, and function in the female system

A

Produced: Mature Follicle and corpus Luteum
Target: Endometrium and pituitary
Function: Thickens endometrium and exerts negative feedback on FSH, and stimulates LH.

36
Q

Where is Progesterone’s production, target, and function in the female system

A

Produced: Mature Follicle and corpus Luteum
Target: Endometrium and pituitary
Function: Maintians endometrium, prevents uterine contractions (myometrium) and exerts negative feedback LH.

37
Q

Identify the hormones that stimulate the development of secondary sex
characteristics in females.

A

Estrogen and progesterone

38
Q

What provides negative feedback control of the secretions of FSH, LH in the male system? Where does it provide it to?

A

Testoterone and Inhibin

Provides it to both pituitary and Hypothalamus

39
Q

What are the steps in the menstral cycle when it comes to hormones

A
  1. Hypothalamus produces GnRH
  2. Pituitary gland produces FSH and some LH
  3. FSH stimulates development of follicles and estrogen production
  4. Estrogen exerts negative feedback on FSH and stimulates large increase in LH
  5. Spike in LH causes ovulation
  6. Progesterone creates a negative feedback on pituitary gland to stop producing LH and FSH
  7. Progesterone and estrogen have a negative feedback on GnRH
40
Q

(#1) What happens in the menstral phase (days 1-5)

Hormones and special events

A

GnRH, Estrogen, and progesterone are low

The corpus luteum has degenerated leading to decreased hormone production
causing the shedding of the endometrial lining

41
Q

(#2) What happens in the Follicular phase (days 5-13)

Hormones and special events

A

GnRH is increasing
Estrogen is rising and progesterone is low

Follicle maturation and endometrial lining thickens

42
Q

(#3) What happens in the Ovulation
(day 14)

Hormones and special events

A

GnRH is at peak
Estrogen peaks and progesterone is low

follicle ruptures, releasing egg and continued thickening of endometrial lining.

43
Q

(#4) What happens in the Luteal Phase
(days 15-28)

Hormones and special events

A

GnRH is at medium
Estrogen decrease and progesterone reaches peak

if no implamentation corpus luteum degenerates and causes decreases in all hormone levels.

44
Q

When guessing between FSH and estrogen concentrations in a menstral cycle graph, how can you tell the difference

A

Estrogen has a large peak and FSH has a small peak.

45
Q

What is menopause? What happens to hormone production?

A

The biological end to menstral cycles in a women. Very little hormone production. (often causing mood swings)

can be treated with hormone suppliments

46
Q

where does fertilization happen?

A

Fallopian tube

47
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

Endometrium

48
Q

What are the steps to implentation of zygote right after ovulation?

A
  1. Ova enters fallopian tube
  2. sperm enter through the vagina and into the uterus and fallopian tubes
  3. egg is fertilized
  4. egg travels to the uterus where it gets implanted.
49
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A combined egg and sperm cell

50
Q

what is cleavage?

A

Process of cellular division without the enlargement of cells.

51
Q

What is a morula?

A

A 16-cell zygote, found before implantation

52
Q

What is a Blastocyst?

A

A morula that has absorbed fluid from the endometrium BUT doesn’t have to be IMPLANTED

53
Q

What does the endometrium do to a emplanted embryo?

A

Provides nutrients

54
Q

what is the Amnion’s function

A

Encloses the amniotic cavity, providing a protective cushion of amniotic fluid that surrounds the developing embryo/fetus.

55
Q

How is the Chorion developed, and what is its function

A

Arises from the trophoblast.

Contributes to the formation of the fetal portion of the placenta.

56
Q

what is the Allantois’s function

A

forms foundations of umbilical cord that degerates into urinary bladder.

57
Q

what is the function of the placenta

A

place for nutrient and waste transport diffusion

Does not filter drugs and diseases

58
Q

what is the function of the umbilical cord

A

carries nutrients and oxygen to baby

59
Q
A

Bio - 30 Reveiw (3 decks)

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