Unit A2 - Endocrine Glands (with some A1 combination Questions)

Question 1

What is the general function of an endocrine gland

Answer 1

to produce hormones that maintain homeostasis

(hormones that are delivered in the blood stream)

Question 2

Using a diagram of the endocrine glands, lable all of them.

Answer 2

Did you do it?

Question 3

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 3

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones that either stimulate or inhibit its hormone production and secretion.

Question 4

What are the horomones the pituitary gland produces?

Answer 4

G - HGH
O - Oxytocin
A - ADH
T - TSH
F - FSH
L - LH
A - ACTH
P - PRL

Goat Flap

Question 5

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 5

Source: Pituitary gland

Target Structure: Thyroid gland

Function: Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxine.

Question 6

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Thyroxine

Answer 6

Source: Thyroid gland

Target Structure: all cells

Function: increases metabolism.

Question 7

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Calcitonin

Answer 7

Source: Thyroid gland

Target Structure: bones and kydney.

Function: decreases Ca ions in blood

↑ ca in bones, ↑ ca reabsorbtion in kidneys

Question 8

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 8

Source: Parathyroid gland

Target Structure: bones and kidneys

Function: increases Ca ions in blood.

↓ ca in bones, ↓ ca reabsorbtion in kidneys

Question 9

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of ACTH

Answer 9

Source: Pituitary gland

Target Structure: adrenal cortex

Function: facilitates the release of glucocorticoids

↓ ca in bones, ↓ ca reabsorbtion in kidneys

Question 10

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Cortisol

Answer 10

Source: Adrenal glands

Target Structure: all cells

Function: Increases blood glucose

Liver → releases glucose, ↓ sensitivity for cell to take insulin

Question 11

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Insulin

Answer 11

Source: Pancreas

Target Structure: all cells

Function: Decreases blood glucose

Liver → absorbs glucose, ↑ sensitivity for cell to take glucose

Question 12

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Insulin

Answer 12

Source: Pancreas

Target Structure: all cells

Function: Decreases blood glucose

Liver → absorbs glucose, ↑ sensitivity for cell to take glucose

Question 13

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Glucagon

Answer 13

Source: Pancreas

Target Structure: all cells

Function: Increases blood glucose

Liver → releases glucose

Question 14

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of HGH

Answer 14

Source: Pituitary Gland

Target Structure: all cells

Function: stimulating and maintaining bone and muscle growth.

Question 15

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of ADH

Answer 15

Source: Hypothalamus (produced), Pituitary gland (stored/secreted)

Target Structure: Kidney

Function: ↑ water absorbtion

Question 16

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Epinephrine

Answer 16

Source: Adrenal Glands

Target Structure: most cells

Function: ‘Fight or flight’

Question 17

What is the souce, target structure or cells and the function of Aldosterone

Answer 17

Source: Adrenal Glands

Target Structure: Kidney

Function: ↑ sodium ion reabsorbtion

also increases blood pressure.

Question 18

How does negative feedback help maintian homeostasis?

Answer 18

↑ amounts of substance needed = ↓ produced, which means homeostasis is maintained.

Question 19

What is the difference between hyper and hypo?

Answer 19

hypo - too little
hyper - too much

Question 20

How do the endocrine and nervous control systems work together during a stress response

Answer 20

The nervous system triggers the “fight or flight” response by releasing adrenaline (Epinephrine), while the endocrine system releases cortisol to sustain the stress response and regulate metabolism.

Epinephrine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter

Do not need to memorize jsut know its existance

Question 21

How do the hypothalamus and pituitary work together?

Answer 21

Through the use of hormones and nerve impulses that stiumulate hormone secretion.

Question 22

Whats faster, nervous or endocrine?

Answer 22

Nervous.

Question 23

Diabetes Mellitus is also known as what. What does it do?

Answer 23

Type 1 diabetes (cannot produce insulin)

Mellitus = meal

Question 24

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 24

Too little ADH

Insipidus = ‘sip’-ing water because youre always dehydrated

Question 25

What is Addison’s Disease?

Answer 25

Hypo secretion of Aldostrone and cortisol.