Unit B Matter And Chemical Change Flashcards
Chemical property
Any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance when formed a new substance is a chemical property
Physical property
Any observational or measurable property without forming a new substance is a physical property
Qualitative
Characteristic that may be described but not measured
Quantitative
Can measured numerically
Chemical properties
Reacts w water Air Oxygen Acids Pure substances Toxicity Stability Combustibility
Classification of matter
Pure substance
Element and compound
Mixture
Colloid- solution-mechanical or heterogeneous mixture - suspension
Metals
State at rm temp
Solids
except mercury
Non metals
State at rm temp
Some gases
Some solids
Only bromine a liquid
Metalloids
State at rm temp
Solids
Appearance
Metals
Shiny luster
Appearance
Non metals
Not vry shiny
Metalloids
Can be shiny or dull
Conductivity
Metals
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Conductivity
Non metals
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Conductivity
Metalloids
May conduct electricity but poor conductors of heat
Malleability and ductility
Metals
Malleable and ductile
Malleability and ductility
Non metals
Brittle and non ductile
Malleability and ductility
Metalloids
Brittle and non ductile
Periods or rows
Horizontal rows
Side to side
Groups or families
Vertical columns
Up and down
Alkali metals
In group one
are highly reactive with water metals
that do not occur freely in nature
are softer than most other metals
Alkaline earth metals
Metallic elements in group 2
very reactive with acid
Halogens
Non-metallic element in group 17
are the most reactive nonmetal
Noble gAses
In group 18
very stable gases
do not form compounds readily
Atomic #
The number of positive protons in a nucleus
Atomic mass
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Ionic charge
When neutral Adams collide and negative electron is transferred from one Adam to another and both atoms become particles called ions which have an electrical charge
Cation
If an atom has lost electrons the overall charge becomes positive
Anion
If it gains electrons the overall charge is negative
Billiard ball
John dalton
Raisin bun
JJ Thomson
Planetary model
Hantro nagaoka
Nuclear model
Ernest Rutherford
Canadian
Atomic model
Neils Bohr
Quantum model
Schrodinger
Newest one
Atomic theory
Adams are made of positive nuclear that contain protons and neutrons
Proton
Inside the nucleus
+
Electron
In electron orbital
-
Neutron
Inside the nucleus
0
Ionic compounds
Bonds are created by the transfer of elections
High melting point
Distinct crystal shape
Formed from metallic and non metallic elements
Conducts electricity
Solid at rm temp
Ionic compounds
Bonds are created by the transfer of elections
High melting point
Distinct crystal shape
Formed from metallic and non metallic elements
Conducts electricity
Solid at rm temp
Molecular conpounds
Bonds are created by the sharing of electron
Low melting point
Does not always from crystal
Usually formed from only non-metallic elements
Does not form ions in solution
Usually does not conduct electricity
Solid liquid or gas at room temp
Molecular compounds
Bonds are created by the sharing of electron
Low melting point
Does not always from crystal
Usually formed from only non-metallic elements
Does not form ions in solution
Usually does not conduct electricity
Solid liquid or gas at room temp
Chemical reactions
When two or more substances combine to form two or more new substances
Product
Substances that are produced in the reaction
THE PRODUCTS
Reactants
Substances that undergoes a reaction
combined in my reaction
Oxidation
A chemical reaction in the presence of oxygen
Corrosion
The oxidation of metals and rocks in the presence of oxygen and moisture
example Rust
Combustion
The highly Exothermic ( heat releasing )
combination of a substance with oxygen
resulting in the production of carbon dioxide water and energy
example burning methane gas
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that
absorbs energy
and
feels cold
Exothermic reactions
I chemical reaction that
releases energy
and
feels warm
The law of conservation of mass
In a chemical change the total mass of a new substance
this is always the same as the total mass of the original substance
Heat
The greater the temperature of the faster the reaction
Concentration
The greater the concentration of the substances the faster the reaction
Surface area
Increasing the surface area of the reactants will increase the rate of the reaction
Catalyst
A substance that helps increase the reaction rate
by lowering them out of energy needed to make the reaction occur
What does WHIMS stand for
Workplace
hazardous
materials
information
system
What is the name given to a substance that contains at least two kinds of particles uniformly scattered
Homogeneous mixture
