Unit B Ch.4 Flashcards
What are the three adaptations
Structural,Behavioral, and Physiological
Structural Adaptation
A change to an organisms structure to help it survive in an enviroment
example: rabbits fur changing colour depending on seasons
Behavioral Adaptation
A change to an organsims behavior to help it survive in an enviroment
example: Bird migrating
Physiological adaptation
an internal body process to regulate and maintain homeostasis for an organism to survive in the environment in which it exists,
Example: Removing toxins
Somate cells
(the cells that make up body
tissues)
These mutations within somatic cells will disappear when
the organism dies
Germ cells
(those that produce
sperm or eggs), the
mutations will be passed
on to the next generation
Inherited traits
Traits that animals pass to their offspring
Acquired Traits
Traits that animals develop during their life time
Natural Selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Selective Pressure
an evolutionary force that causes a particular phenotype to be more favorable in certain environmental conditions.
What were the two main ideas that Darwin proposed in his book
1.Present forms of life have descended from
ancestral species
2.The mechanism for modification is natural
selection that takes place over a long period
of time
Georges-Louis
Leclerc, Comte
de Buffon
Suggested that the earth was older than
6000 years old
common ancestry - his theories
were incorrect but he called for a new set
of ideas/paradigm
Georges Cuvier
Largely credited with
developing the science of
paleontology
Proposed catastrophism to
explain the age of the Earth
Charles Lyell
Suggested, unlike Cuvier, that the
geological processes of Earth’s
crust that occur took place through
countless small changes occurring
over long periods of time,
Proposed uniformitarianism - the
forces acting today have acted
throughout history
Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck
Developed an early idea
regarding how animals change
over time
Charles Darwin
Traveled aboard the HMS
Beagle on a voyage to survey
the coast of South America.
He made numerous
observations regarding the
organisms that he saw along
the way.
Alfred Russel
Wallace
At the same time that Darwin
was studying his observations
made on the Beagle voyage,
Wallace was studying
organisms in South America
and Malaysia
Catatrophism
the idea that sudden, short-lived catastrophes occur that change the way that the Earth’s processes take place.
Uniformitarianism
is the belief that Earth’s processes occur in a uniform pattern, repeating themselves throughout history.
What conclusion did Darwin and Wallace come up with about populations?
Darwin and Wallace reasoned that
competition for limited resources
would select for favorable traits
what are two facts about Fossils
Fossils are formed
within sedimentary
rock
The layer in which a
fossil is found often is
indicative of the age of
that particular
specimen
How can Fossils be used as evidence
1.rock near the surface appear to
be much more closely related to modern
2.Fossils appear in chronological layers, so probable
ancestors of a particular species would lie beneath the
rock layers in which the more current species is found
Transitional Fossils
transitional fossils are found that
fill the gaps and link different species
together.
Biogeography
the study of the past and
present geographical distribution of organisms
(determines how and where different
species migrated)
Homologous Structures
Structures that have
the same origin and
general elements, but
different functions
Analogous structures
(those with a similar
function, but different origins)
