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Science 8 > Unit A > Flashcards

Unit A Flashcards

1
Q

what is a Fluid?

A

A fluid is anything that has no fixed shape and can flow; it takes the shape of its container (usually a gas or liquid).

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2
Q

WHMIS symbols & Shapes

A

look at slide

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3
Q

Slurry

A

A slurry is a mixture of water and solids, in the form of a fluid.

Examples include:
-Oil sand slurry
-Concrete slurry (cement, sand, water)
-Coal slurry (pulverized coal particles, water)
-Dirt and water

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4
Q

Pure Substance

A

What is Pure Substance? Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure. Pure substances are further classified as elements and compounds. An element is a substance that consists of only one type or kind of atom.

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5
Q

Mixture(all types)

A
  • Mechanical mixters: have two or more particle types that are not mixed evenly and can be seen as different kinds of matter in the mixture.
  • Solutions: Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.
  • Suspensions & Colloids: Suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures. A suspension is identifiable because its particles are large and settle out of the dispersing medium due to the effects of gravity. The dispersed particles of a colloid are intermediate in size between those of a solution and a suspension.
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6
Q

Solution

A

Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.

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7
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

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8
Q

Solubility

A

Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.

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9
Q

Particle Model of Matter

A

A model that explains the behaviour of solids, liquids, and gasses; It states that all matter is made of tiny moving particles that attract each other and have spaces in-between!

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10
Q

Viscosity

A

A liquids’ internal resistance/friction that keeps it from flowing.

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11
Q

Density

A

Measured in mass per unit of volume.

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12
Q

Buoyancy

A

Tendency of an object to float when placed in a fluid.

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13
Q

Pressure

A
  • measure of the amount of force applied to a given area (measured in Pascals, Pa)

Units:
Pressure = 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Force = Newtons (N)
Area = m2

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14
Q

Hydraulic System

A
  • A system that uses a liquid (usually water or oil) under pressure to transfer forces and move loads!
  • It uses a piston (which is a disk or cylinder that fits closely in a tube) to apply the pressure!
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15
Q

Pneumatic System

A
  • A system that uses a liquid (usually water or oil) under pressure to transfer forces and move loads!
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16
Q

Valves

A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category.

A

Valves:
- Regulate the flow of a fluid.
- Control 🡪 flow, rate, volume, pressure
and direction.
- Of liquids, gases, slurries or dry materials
through a pipeline, chute or similar
passageway.

17
Q

Pumps

A

Pumps:
- Obtain water from below the surface 🡪 move a
fluid through a fluid system 🡪 works against the
pull of gravity.
- Piston Pump (bicycle).
- Archimedes Screw 🡪 invented to remove water
from the hold of a ship.
- Diaphragm Pump (ie. Human heart or aquarium air pump).

Diaphragm Pumps:
- Diaphragm Pump (ie. Human heart).

Bicycle Pump:
- Bicycle Pump: uses a piston in a cylinder. The piston is pulled up, air fill the cylinder. When force is applied to. the air in the cylinder, the compressing the air, increasing the pressure and moving to an area of low pressure.

18
Q

Examples of fluids?

A

A fluid is anything that has no fixed shape and can flow; it takes the shape of its container (usually a gas or liquid).

19
Q

Ability to read and understand a graph and table and pull information out?

A

Yes/No

20
Q

Safety (rules in lab, order to receive help, safety precautions, signs)?

A
  • Wear proper safety gear. This includes goggles, gloves, aprons, and wearing appropriate attire, such as closed-toed shoes. (NO SLIDES OR CROCS)
  • No eating or drinking. You should never be eating, drinking, or tasting anything in the lab, because things can be contaminated.
  • Read labels and follow instructions carefully. Before using any chemical or equipment, read the labels and instructions carefully.
  • Handle lab materials with care. Do not touch, taste, or smell chemicals unless instructed. Waft if necessary. Don’t look into a container from the top…
  • Report all accidents. This includes spills, accidents, broken/cracked glassware, no matter how minor it might seem.
  • Dispose of waste properly. Follow the teacher’s instructions for disposing of materials and substances.
  • Don’t mix any chemicals without approval. Only mix chemicals when you have been given explicit instructions. Unexpected reactions can be dangerous.
  • Avoid touching your face. Do not touch your eyes, mouth, or face in the lab as chemicals can transfer to your skin or body.
  • No horseplay. No RKO’s in the lab. Ever. (Why do I have to answer this)
    Tie back long hair and secure loose clothing. The last thing you want is for your hair to catch on fire…
  • Think before you touch anything. It could be piping hot, or give you frostbite.
    Label all containers that have chemicals in them.
  • Make sure you understand WHMIS.
21
Q

Calculating solubility

A

Solubility is the maximum quantity of a chemical that may be dissolved in the solvent at quite a particular temperature. The term “saturated” refers to such a solution. To determine its solubility in g/100g, split the mass of the substance by the mass of the solvent & multiply by 100 g.

22
Q

Increase rate of dissolving?

A

The methods that are followed to speed up the rates of dissolving are: Heating the solution, stirring the solution, shaking the solution, and making solute particles smaller.

23
Q

Temperature affects properties of fluids?

A

Temperature affects fluid properties differently, depending on whether the fluid is a liquid or a gas, as well as the molecular composition of the fluid.

24
Q

States of matter relating to particle model of matter?

A

- Solids
- Liquids
- Gases

Solids, liquids and gases. The three states of matter can be represented by the particle model. This model explains the properties of substances in their different states, as well as changes of state.

24
Q

Relationship between viscosity and flow rate?

A

as viscosity increases, flow rates decrease.

25
Q

Relationship between density and buoyancy?

A

If the density of the object is greater than the density of the fluid, the object’s buoyant force will be less than the force of gravity and will sink. If the density of the object is less than the density of the fluid, the object’s buoyant force will be greater than the force of gravity and will float.

26
Q

Calculating density (triangle)?

A

To calculate density, we use the following formula,

Density = mass (g, kg) / volume (mL, L)

The units for density are (g/mL) or (kg/L).

27
Q

Pascal’s Law?

A

Pascal’s law says that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid will be transmitted without a change in magnitude to every point of the fluid and the walls of the container. The pressure at any point in the fluid is equal in all directions.

28
Q

Solubility in real life?

A

Sugar usually dissolves in water molecules at 20 ° C. Gelatin - soluble in water in the presence of heat. Powdered juices are a mixture of sugar, flavorings, and preservatives, usually soluble in water at 20 ° C. Nitrates are commonly found in fertilizers used in agriculture.

29
Q

Submarines and submersibles?

A

The difference between a submarine and a submersible is a submarine has enough power to leave port and come back to port under its own power. A submersible has very limited power reserves so it needs a mother ship that can launch it and recover it.

30
Q

Calculating pressure (pressure is equal on both sides when there are two pistons)?

A

Definition: measure of the amount of force applied to a given area (measured in Pascals, Pa)

Units:
Pressure = 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Force = Newtons (N)
Area = m2

31
Q

Hydraulic vs. Pneumatic system?

A

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM:
- A system that uses a liquid (usually water or oil) under pressure to transfer forces and move loads.
- It uses a piston (which is a disk or cylinder that fits closely in a tube) to apply the pressure.

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM:
- A system that uses a liquid (usually water or oil) under pressure to transfer forces and move loads.

Science 8 (5 decks)

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