Unit A Flashcards
Laboratory Safety
look over WHIMIS and Safety Worksheet.
WHMIS:
1. what does it stand for?
2. where is it used?
3. what are the symbols?
4. 3 levels (think shapes→more sides = more dangerous)?
- workplace, hazardardous, materials, information system.
- in work places, that are going to use hazaerdes proptucts. like a sciense lab.
- All hazeredous symbols.
- Danager, Warning, Caution.
Experimental Design
1. variables
2. what are they
3. can you distinguish them in an example?
- A variable is anything that can change and be measured.
- The 3 main variables: independent variable, dependent variable and controlled variables. Example: a car going down different surfaces.
3.Independent variable – the variable that is altered during a scientific experiment.
Dependent variable – the variable being tested or measured during a scientific experiment.
Controlled variable – a variable that is kept the same during a scientific experiment.
What is a fluid?
A fluid is anything that has no fixed shape and can flow; it takes the shape of its container (usually a gas or liquid).
What is a slurry?
A slurry is a mixture of water and solids, in the form of a fluid.
Examples include:
- Oil sand slurry.
- Concrete slurry (cement, sand, water).
- Coal slurry (pulverized coal particles, water).
- Dirt and water.
Mixtures vs. Pure Substances?
Mixtures:
Made up of combination of different substances Ex. Saltwater, oreos, air, pancake mix.
Pure Substances :
Made of only one kind of matter; cannot be separated into different substances. Ex. Gold, aluminum foil.
Different types of mixtures and examples?
Mechanical mixture :
A mixture that you can see different substances that make up the mixture. Also called a heterogeneous mixture.
ex) Wet cement, salsa, porridge
Solute vs. Solvent?
Solution :
A mixture of 2 or more pure substances that looks like one substance. Also called a homogenous mixture.
ex)Pepsi, syrup, copper sulfate
Suspension :
A cloudy mixture in which droplets or tiny pieces of one substance is held within another substance; if left undisturbed, its parts will usually separate out. The particles settle slowly after mixing.
ex)muddy water, tomato juice, orange juice with pulp, salad dressing
What is soubility?
Solubility is the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance (referred to as the solute) to dissolve in solvent (usually a liquid) and form a solution.
Concentration vs, Dilution
-can you calculate concentration
In a concentrated solution there are large amounts of solute in a solution.
In a dilutedsolution there are small amounts of solute in a solution.
Saturated Solution vs. Unsaturated Solution?
Unsaturated Solution :
A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
Saturated Solution :
A solution in which NO more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
- Solutions do not have to be made up of only liquids.
Ex. carbonated pop
What is the saturation point?
Saturation Point :
The point at which NO more solute can be dissolved at a certain temperature (ex. See pg 28).
What does solubility mean?
Solubility :
The ability to dissolve; the mass of solute that can dissolve in a given amount at a given temperature.
Factors affecting solubility?
Solubility depends on 3 factors.
- Type of solvent
- Type of solute
- Temperature
- Solubility Changes with Temperature
For most substances, solubility increases as the temperature of the solvent increases.
Ex. at 25 degrees Salt- 36.2g/100ml water is saturated.
Ex. at 100 degrees Salt- 39.2g/100ml water is saturated.
Particle Model of Matter
1. →3 phases
2. →how do particles look, act or shape
3. →gaining and losing energy
- solids, liquids, and gases
- For solids, the particles vibrate in one place.
- For liquids, the particles slide around and over each other.
- For gases – the particles move as far as the space they are in allows.
- With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. The actual average speed of the particles depends on their mass as well as the temperature – heavier particles move more slowly than lighter ones at the same temperature.
