Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ap psych > Unit 9: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 9: Social Psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social Psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attribution theory

A

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Attitude

A

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foot-in-door phenomenon

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

The theory that we act reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normative social influence

A

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Culture

A

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Norm

A

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; prescribes ‘proper’ behavior

20
Q

Prejudice

A

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members; involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

21
Q

Stereotype

A

A generalized belief about a group of people

22
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

23
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

24
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us”—people with whom we share a common identity

25
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them”—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

26
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

27
Q

Ingroup bias

A

The tendency to favor our own group

28
Q

Other-race effect

A

The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

29
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

30
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

The principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression

31
Q

Social script

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

32
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

33
Q

Passionate love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present

34
Q

Compassionate love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

35
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

36
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

37
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

38
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

39
Q

Social exchange theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which to maximize benefits and minimize costs

40
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

41
Q

Social-responsibility norm

A

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

42
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

43
Q

Social trap

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

44
Q

Mirror-image perceptions

A

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

45
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

46
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

47
Q

GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction)

A

A strategy designed to decrease international tensions

ap psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions