Unit 8A: Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Psychological disorder
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7
3) Medical model
Concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can diagnosed, treated, and (in most cases) cured often through treatment in a hospital
4) DSM-5
American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
5) Anxiety disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
6) General anxiety disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
7) Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
8) Phobia
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
9) Social anxiety disorder
Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such
10) Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
11) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
12) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience
13) Posttraumatic growth
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
14) Mood disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
15) Major depressive disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either
1. Depressed mood
2. Loss of interest or pleasure
16) Mania
A mood disorder marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
17) Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
18) Rumination
Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
19) Schizophrenia
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expressions
20) Psychosis
A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
21) Delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
22) Hallucinations
False sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
23) Somatic symptom disorder
A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
24) Conversion disorder
A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
25) Illness anxiety disorder
A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
26) Dissociative disorder
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
27) Dissociative identity disorder
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
28) Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
29) Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging, excessive exercise, or fasting
30) Binge-eating disorder
Significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa
31) Personality disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
32) Antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
