Unit 8A: Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Question 2

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

Psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7

Question 3

3) Medical model

Answer 3

Concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can diagnosed, treated, and (in most cases) cured often through treatment in a hospital

Question 4

4) DSM-5

Answer 4

American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 5

5) Anxiety disorders

Answer 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 6

6) General anxiety disorder

Answer 6

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 7

7) Panic disorder

Answer 7

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Question 8

8) Phobia

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 9

9) Social anxiety disorder

Answer 9

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Question 10

10) Agoraphobia

Answer 10

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Question 11

11) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 11

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 12

12) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 12

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 13

13) Posttraumatic growth

Answer 13

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

Question 14

14) Mood disorders

Answer 14

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Question 15

15) Major depressive disorder

Answer 15

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either
1. Depressed mood
2. Loss of interest or pleasure

Question 16

16) Mania

Answer 16

A mood disorder marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Question 17

17) Bipolar disorder

Answer 17

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 18

18) Rumination

Answer 18

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

Question 19

19) Schizophrenia

Answer 19

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expressions

Question 20

20) Psychosis

Answer 20

A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Question 21

21) Delusions

Answer 21

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 22

22) Hallucinations

Answer 22

False sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 23

23) Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 23

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Question 24

24) Conversion disorder

Answer 24

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

Question 25

25) Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 25

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Question 26

26) Dissociative disorder

Answer 26

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 27

27) Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 27

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Question 28

28) Anorexia nervosa

Answer 28

An eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight

Question 29

29) Bulimia nervosa

Answer 29

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging, excessive exercise, or fasting

Question 30

30) Binge-eating disorder

Answer 30

Significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa

Question 31

31) Personality disorders

Answer 31

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 32

32) Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 32

A personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist