Unit 9: Social Psychology Flashcards
How we think about ourselves and others in social situations
Social cognition
How we are influenced by others in social
Social influence
How we behave in social situations
Social behavior
Cognitive construct about yourself and your experiences
Self schema
Aspects of ourselves we aspire to be
Possible self
Tendency to perceive ourselves in a positive light, not including negative attributes in our self schema
Self-serving bias
Tendency to assume that one’s own opinions, beliefs, attributes, or behaviors are more widely shared than is actually the case
False Consensus Effect
When one trait of a person or thing is used to make an overall Judgment at that person or thing. It supports rapid decisions, even if biased ones
Halo effect
Tendency to ignore external factors that may contribute to a person’s behavior and decide the only causes are internal
Fundamental attribution error
When we apply the assumptions made by fundamental attribution error and apply them to an entire group of people ( most commonly it happens to racial, ethnic, religious, and sexual minority groups )
Ultimate attribution error
Refers to our belief that the world is fair, and consequentially, that the moral standings of our actions will determine our outcomes
Just World hypothesis
Theory by Leon Festinger
Discomfort felt when we hold two contradictory views simultaneously, or when we act in a way that contradicts our beliefs
Festinger’s research showed that to change attitude, we should change the behavior first, attitude will follow
Cognitive dissonance
Impacts cognitive dissonance as people tend to take on characteristics of the role they play
Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
Role playing
Behavior that is in accord with accepted group standards
Solomon Acsh card experiment with group of eight, 37% conformed to the wrong answer only
Conformity
People are more willing to conform when an authority figure is in place
Stanley Milgram experiment, 2/3 of participants conformed
Obedience to authority
1964 Kitty Genovese case
People are less likely to help if other people are watching due to diffusion of responsibility
Bystander effect
As the number of bystanders increase, the personal responsibility that an individual bystander feels decreases
As a consequence, so does his or her tendency
Diffusion of responsibility
Loss of identity as a result of participation in a larger group, lesson sense of personal responsibility for one’s action
Stanley milgram’s shock experiment
Deindividuation
Showed we consult with others for advice before making
We tend to become more extreme when Consulting with like-minded people
Group polarization
Tendency to make bad decisions because of the illusion that the plan of action is a good one and is supported by all members of the group
Group think
Be an outsider, question the group, considered the alternative views and plans of
Devil’s Advocate method
Assign a lead and form subgroups, work with different plans of action, leader cannot express your idea where preference until both subgroups have presented
Dialectical inquiry method
When your performance is enhanced because others are watching you
Social facilitation
When you’re performance is worse because others are watching
Social inhibition
Tendency to exert less effort when working in a group
Group responsibility vs. individually measured or assessed
Tug of war experiment
Social loafing
Is an action
Defined as hostile Behavior with the intent of harming someone physically or mentally, biological factors and biochemical influences
Aggression
Frustration in animals has been proven to lead to aggression
Frustration and humans leads to anger, which sometimes leads to aggression
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Characterization and mistreatment of a person or group of people based on their race or ethnicity
Racism
Over generalized attitudes about a group of people ( can be positive and negative )
Stereotypes
Unjustified, negative judgments about a group of people
Prejudice
Negative behavior towards members of a targeted group
Discrimination
These four factors contribute to____:
Proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocity
Attraction
Exposure, interaction and physical closeness
Proximity
Humans are more willing to give positive characteristics to Attractive people
Physical attractiveness
We like people like us, perceived or actually
Similarity
We like people who like us
Reciprocity
