Unit 9 - Skin, Hair & Nails , Bed Baths Flashcards
What is the epidermis?
Thin tough outer layer of the skin made up of epithelial tissue
What part of the skin is exposed, top portion made of multiple layers, constantly sheds and is keratinized?
Stratum Corneum
What part of the skin is the innermost layer, reproduces cells, contains melanin & keratin?
Stratum Germinativum
What creates fingerprints?
Epidermal ridges in the germinativum layer
Where on our body do we have the most layers of skin?
Palms of our Hands and Soles of our feet due to constant work and load.
True or false?
The skin is vascular?
False, it is avascular. It does not have its own blood supply and it gets its blood from the dermis below.
What layer will be damaged in the third degree burn that will require skin grafts?
Germinativum, it anything above is damaged it can be repaired, but once it hits this layer the reproductions of cells is damaged and therefore will need skin grafts.
What is your skin colour based on?
Pigments in the vascular bed
Keratin - Orange tone
melanin - brown tone
vascular bed - pink tone.
What is the dermis?
Dense irregular, connective tissue.
It contains collagen for strength, elastic fibres for flexibility
blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, lymphatics
What layer are the hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands located?
The dermis
What is the subcutaneous layer?
Below the skin Adipose tissue (fatty tissue) Stabilizes skin Shock absorber and heat storage Useful site to administer drugs
What is the function of our skin?
Protection Barrier Perception (pain) Maintain temp Identification Communication (flushing) wound repair Absorption, excretion Productions of Vit D
What is blanching?
Pushing on skin that will cause it to turn white. colour will return within 3 seconds.
What is arrector pili?
Goosebumps, cause the hair to stand up.
What does vestigial mean?
Doesn’t have a purpose in our survival (hair is vestigial)
What is Vellus hair?
Peach fuzz that is found everywhere on our bodies
What is Terminal hairs?
hair that is found on our head, armpits, face and groin
What is sebum?
Fatty lipid based product. It causes vernix to produce in the womb (waxy like cheese substance) that covers baby and protects them, produced from sebaceous glands. It will wait there till puberty
What is the purpose of sweat glands?
Flushes our skin and takes microorganisms with it, keeps us cool and provides protection.
When we work out, moisture is created on our skin. What is water productions from sweat glands called?
Eccrine
What causes a cloudy, odours sticky product that is produced in the groin, armpits and around the nipples?
Apocrine glands, Active after puberty
What is Pruritus?
Itching
What is Ecchymosis?
excessive bruising
What are parts of the nail?
Nail plate nail bed cuticle lateral nail fold lunula nail matrix
What does the nail do?
Protects fingers and toes, nail plates will alter with disease and can be a window into what is happening inside the patient.
Ie: Clubbing of fingers and very flat nail plate is associated with COPD
What gives our nails colour?
Nail bed
Subjective questions to ask regarding skin hair and nails?
Previous history of skin disease (allergies, psoriasis)
change in any moles, or skin pigmentation
excessive dryness or moisture, hair loss or changes
medications, nail changes
What colours are we inspecting on the skin?
Overall skin colour Pallor - pale white (faintish) Erythema - flushed or red (fever) Cyanosis - bluish (lack of O2) Jaundice - yellowing (liver impairments)
How to assess skin turgor?
Tense or not, pinch back of hand and elasticity will return. if it does not then it will create a tent of skin when you let go that will indicate poor turgor.
What are we inspecting the skin for?
Texture, thickness, edema
mobility and turgor
vascularity or bruising, presence of tattoos (education of Hep’s LOL)
What are the ABCDE’s of mole’s?
Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter elevation and enlargement
What are Decubiti?
Pressure ulcers or bed sores.
Note: NEVER rub a reddened area!
What is Basal Squamous cell Carcinomas?
Skin Cancer, Often they will remove the layers of the skins that are affected. They are common easily treated an non invasive.
What are Lanocytes?
Type of skin cells that 2% of cancers are melanomas that is usually deeper and fatal.
What type of burn remains in our epidermis?
Sunburn
What type of burn involves both the dermis and epidermis?
2nd degress, will cause blistering
What type of burn involves the dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous tissues?
Full thickness
Burn removed the germv layer so very sever as now the skin can not regenerate and will need skin grafts.
What type of bath is the patient dependent for care?
Total or Complete bed bath
What type of bath is the patient able to bathe with some assistance?
Assisted or self help bed bath
What type of bath is where prone areas to odour are washed?
Partial bed bath (armpits, groin, face, skin folds)
What is the order of the bed bath decided?
Clean to dirty
Face arms hands chest abdomen legs feet back and peri care
What is a benefit of providing a bed bath to your patient?
The bath is the perfect opportunity to assess a patient in their entirety!
What happens if you male client gets a WOODY during your bed bath?
Defer until later
Select the best description of the secretion of the eccrine glands? A) thick, milky B) dilute saline solution C) protective lipid substance D) keratin
B) dilute saline solution
Nevus is the medical term for A) a freckle B) a birthmark C) an infected hair follicle D) a mole
D) mole
To assess for early jaundice, you will assess: A) sclera and hard palate B) nail beds C) lipids D) all visible skin surfaces
A) Sclera and hard palate
Checking for skin temperature is best accomplished by using : A) palmar surfaces of the hands B) vernal surfaces of the hands C) fingertips D) dorsal surface of the hands
D) dorsal surface of the hands
Skin turgor is assess by picking up a large fold of skin on the anterior chest under the clavicle. This is done to determine the presence of. A) edema B) dehydration C) vitiligo D) scleroderma
B) Dehydration
You note a lesion during an examination. Select the description that is most complete,
A) raised, irregular lesion the size of a quarter, located on dorsal of left hand.
B) Open lesion with no drainage or odour approximately 6mm in diameter
C) Pedunculated lesion below left scapula with consistency red colour, no drainage or odour
D) Dark-brown, raised lesion, with irregular border, on dorsal of right food, 3cm in size with no drainage.
D) Dark-brown, raised lesion, with irregular border, on dorsal of right food, 3cm in size with no drainage.
You examine nail beds for clubbing. The normal angle between the nail base and the nail is: A) 60 degrees B) 100 degrees C) 160 degrees D) 180 degrees
C) 160 degrees
The capillary beds should refill after being depressed in
A) <1 second
B) >2 seconds
C) 1-2 seconds
D) time is not significant as long as colour returns
C) 1- 2 seconds
During a routine visit, M.B. age 78 years, asks about small, round, flat, brown macules on the hands. Your best response after examining the area is:
A) “these are the result of sun exposure and do not require treatment”
B) “These are related to exposure to the sun. They may become cancerous”
C) “ These are the skin tags that occur with aging, No treatment is required”
D) “ I’m glad you brought this to my attention. I will arrange for a biopsy”.
A) These are a result of sun exposure and do not require treatment
An area of thin, shiny skin with decrease visibility of normal skin markings is called A) Lichenification B) plaque C) atrophy D) keloid
C) atrophy
Flattening of the angle between the nail and its base is :
A) found in subacute bacterial endocarditis
B) a description of spoon-shaped nails
C) Related to calcium deficiency
D) Described as clubbing
D) Clubbing
The configuration for individual lesions arranged in circles or arcs, as occurs with ringworm, is called: A) linear B) clustered C) annular D) gyrate
c) annular
The "A" in the ABCDE rule stands for A) Accuracy B) Appearance C) asymmetry D) attenuated
c) asymmetry
A risk factor for melanoma is : A) Brown eyes B) darkly pigmented skin C) Skin that freckles or burned before tanning D) use of sunscreen products
c) skin that freckles or burned before tanning
What layer of skin is the basal cell layer found?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
A) epidermis
What aids protections by cushioning?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
C) Subcutaneous layer
Where would you find collagen?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
B) Dermis
Where would you find adipose tissue?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
C) SubQ
What part of the skin is uniformly thin?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
A) Epidermis
Where is the stratum corneum located?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
A) Epidermis
What part of the skin has elastic tissue?
A )Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous Layer
B) Dermis
