Unit 7 - MSK and Mobility

Question 1

What are some of the structures in the Musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

Muscles, bones, joints (Cartilage, tensions, ligaments, and bursae)

Question 2

What is the function of the MSK System?

Answer 2

To provide shape and movement
Protect vital organs
stores calcium and phosphorus
Produces RBC’s (from bone marrow)

Question 3

What is Cartilage?

Answer 3

Dense connective tissues

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

Answer 4

Hyaline - Most abundant (In our nose, trachea)
Fibrous - dense and strong (in our spine)
Elastic - pliable and resilient (in our ear)

Question 5

What is Tendons?

Answer 5

Very strong, connects bone to muscle

Question 6

What are ligaments

Answer 6

Connect bone to bone

Question 7

What is Bursae?

Answer 7

A fluid filled sac found in joints.

Question 8

What structure is compose of large, long cells that are capable of many movements?

Answer 8

Muscles - Muscle fibers have a series of smaller fibres

Muscles are strong due to the width and not it’s length.
Length has to do with its ability to move.

Question 9

Where is a masseter muscle?

Answer 9

Cheek

Question 10

What is the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 10

Neck

Question 11

What is the trapezius muscle?

Answer 11

Back neck

Question 12

What is the Deltoid muscle?

Answer 12

Shoulder

IM Injections administrations are in this site.

Question 13

What is the Pectoralis major?

Answer 13

Chest muscle

Note: Underneath this is the pectorals minor but we only can palpate the major

Question 14

What is the Triceps brachii muscle?

Answer 14

Posterior arm

Question 15

what are biceps brachii?

Answer 15

anterior arm

Question 16

what is the rectus abdominus?

Answer 16

Abdomen

Question 17

What is the Latissimus dorsi?

Answer 17

Mid back muscles

Also Swimmers muscles

Question 18

What is the gluteus Maximus?

Answer 18

buttocks

Question 19

What is the Quadricepts femoris?

Answer 19

Anterior Thigh

Also part of
Vastus Intermedius (High thigh)
Vastus Lateralis (another IM injection site) - lateral
Vastus Medials - medial thigh

Question 20

What is the Biceps femoris?

Answer 20

Posteror thigh

Question 21

What is the Gastrocnemius?

Answer 21

Calf muscle.

Question 22

What are some classifications of bones?

Answer 22

Long - femur
Short - carpals
Flat - skull
Irregular - vertebra
Sesamoid - patella

Note: Long bones have slight curved in order to sustain weight that it impacts.

Question 23

What are nonsynovial joints?

Answer 23

immovable or slightly movable.
surfaces of bones are bound closely (Skull sutures)
Cartilage connects one bone to another (spine vertebra)

Question 24

What are synovial joints?

Answer 24

Freely movable joints. Use of fluid to nourish the middle of the joint that protects the hyline cartilage.

(Synovial cavity, fluid, cartilage, capsular ligament)

Question 25

What are some types of joints?

Answer 25

``` Planar - wrists Hinge - knee, elbow, ankle Pivot - C1 and C2 Condyloid - wrist Saddle - thumb Ball and socket - shoulder and hip ```

Question 26

What is the only movable bone in our skull?

Answer 26

Mandible Which uses the Temporomandiubular joint

Question 27

What are some subjective questions to ask for MSK?

Answer 27

Joint pain, stiffness, trouble moving? Muscle cramps or weakness? Bone pain or fractures? how does this affect ADLs?

Question 28

What are you looking on inspections for MSK assessments?

Answer 28

Colour, Size, Contour, Edema, Deformity

Question 29

What are you palpating for in MSK assessments/

Answer 29

Any tenderness edema, crepitations, swelling of bursae

Question 30

What are some ways to test muscle strengths?

Answer 30

Resistance, Flexion, Extensions, Hyperextensions.. etc

Question 31

What is active ROM?

Answer 31

The patient is able to perform rom independently

Question 32

what is passive ROM?

Answer 32

Patient is unable to preform independently so we assist in testing the ROM

Question 33

Ambulation is essential to a patients well being. What may be some consequences that may occur in the body systems if unable to ambulate?

Answer 33

MSK, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, GI, Integumentary, Psychosocial, many many many so walk walk walk!

Question 34

What are some effects of immobility on the MSK system?

Answer 34

Stiffness and pain in the joints Decrease in muscle mass Contractures (Muscle shortening and unable to move joint any longer)

Question 35

What are some effects of immobility on the cardiovascular and respiratory system?

Answer 35

``` Increased work heartload, Venous Vasodilation (edema) Thrombus formations (clots) , pooling of secretions in lungs that may lead to pneumonia ```

Question 36

What are some points to be aware of when you are considering transferring a patient?

Answer 36

Use pain relief before moving a patient for their comfort, Gather assistant devices if needed, plan around patients needs, watch for IV's catheters, O2 tubing. Be alert to effects of medication (may cause them to be drowsy)

Question 37

What are some assistive devices that can be uses?

Answer 37

Canes, walkers, crutches Least assistance necessary by selecting device that will benefit them most. (do not give crutches when cane can do)

Question 38

``` During an assessment of the spine, the patient would be asked to : A) adduct and extend. B) supinate, evert, and retract C) extend, adduct, invert, and rotate D) flex, extend, abduct, rotate ```

Answer 38

D) flex, extend, abduct, rotate

Question 39

``` Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are the result of the articulation of the: A) scapula and clavicle B) radius and ulna C) patella and condyle of fibula D) femur and acetabulum ```

Answer 39

B) Radius and ulna

Question 40

Anterior and posterior stability is provided to the knee joint by the: A) medial and lateral menisci B) patellar tendon and ligament C) medial collateral ligament and quadriceps muscle D) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Answer 40

D) Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 41

``` A 70 year old woman has come for a health examination. Which of the following is a common age-related change in the curvature of the spinal column? A) Lordosis B) Scoliosis C) Kyphosis D) Later Scoliosis ```

Answer 41

C) Kyphosis

Question 42

The timing of joint pain may assist the examiner in determine the cause. The joint pain associated with rheumatic fever would: A) worsen in the morning B) be worse later in the day C) be worse in the morning but improve during the day D) occur 10 to 14 days after an untreated sore throat

Answer 42

D) Occur 10 to 14 days after an untreated sore throat

Question 43

Examination of the shoulder includes: A) forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation B) Abduction, adduction, pronation, and supination C) Circumduction, inversion, eversion, and rotation D) election, retraction, protraction, and circumduction

Answer 43

A) Forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation

Question 44

``` The bulge sign is a test for: A) swelling in the suprapatellar pouch B) carpal tunnel syndrome C) Heberden's nodes D) olecranon bursa inflammation ```

Answer 44

A) swelling in the suprapatellar pouch

Question 45

``` The examiner is going to measure the patient's legs for length discrepancy. The normal finding would be: A) no difference in measurement B) 0.5cm difference C) within 1 cm of each other D) 2-cm difference ```

Answer 45

C) within 1 cm of each other

Question 46

``` A 2-year old child has been Brough to the clinic for a health examination. A common finding would be: A) Kyphosis B) lordosis C) scoliosis D) no deviation is normal ```

Answer 46

B) Lordosis