Unit 7 - MSK and Mobility Flashcards
What are some of the structures in the Musculoskeletal system?
Muscles, bones, joints (Cartilage, tensions, ligaments, and bursae)
What is the function of the MSK System?
To provide shape and movement
Protect vital organs
stores calcium and phosphorus
Produces RBC’s (from bone marrow)
What is Cartilage?
Dense connective tissues
What are the 3 types of Cartilage?
Hyaline - Most abundant (In our nose, trachea)
Fibrous - dense and strong (in our spine)
Elastic - pliable and resilient (in our ear)
What is Tendons?
Very strong, connects bone to muscle
What are ligaments
Connect bone to bone
What is Bursae?
A fluid filled sac found in joints.
What structure is compose of large, long cells that are capable of many movements?
Muscles - Muscle fibers have a series of smaller fibres
Muscles are strong due to the width and not it’s length.
Length has to do with its ability to move.
Where is a masseter muscle?
Cheek
What is the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Neck
What is the trapezius muscle?
Back neck
What is the Deltoid muscle?
Shoulder
IM Injections administrations are in this site.
What is the Pectoralis major?
Chest muscle
Note: Underneath this is the pectorals minor but we only can palpate the major
What is the Triceps brachii muscle?
Posterior arm
what are biceps brachii?
anterior arm
what is the rectus abdominus?
Abdomen
What is the Latissimus dorsi?
Mid back muscles
Also Swimmers muscles
What is the gluteus Maximus?
buttocks
What is the Quadricepts femoris?
Anterior Thigh
Also part of
Vastus Intermedius (High thigh)
Vastus Lateralis (another IM injection site) - lateral
Vastus Medials - medial thigh
What is the Biceps femoris?
Posteror thigh
What is the Gastrocnemius?
Calf muscle.
What are some classifications of bones?
Long - femur Short - carpals Flat - skull Irregular - vertebra Sesamoid - patella
Note: Long bones have slight curved in order to sustain weight that it impacts.
What are nonsynovial joints?
immovable or slightly movable.
surfaces of bones are bound closely (Skull sutures)
Cartilage connects one bone to another (spine vertebra)
What are synovial joints?
Freely movable joints. Use of fluid to nourish the middle of the joint that protects the hyline cartilage.
(Synovial cavity, fluid, cartilage, capsular ligament)
What are some types of joints?
Planar - wrists Hinge - knee, elbow, ankle Pivot - C1 and C2 Condyloid - wrist Saddle - thumb Ball and socket - shoulder and hip
What is the only movable bone in our skull?
Mandible
Which uses the Temporomandiubular joint
What are some subjective questions to ask for MSK?
Joint pain, stiffness, trouble moving?
Muscle cramps or weakness?
Bone pain or fractures?
how does this affect ADLs?
What are you looking on inspections for MSK assessments?
Colour, Size, Contour, Edema, Deformity
What are you palpating for in MSK assessments/
Any tenderness edema, crepitations, swelling of bursae
What are some ways to test muscle strengths?
Resistance, Flexion, Extensions, Hyperextensions.. etc
What is active ROM?
The patient is able to perform rom independently
what is passive ROM?
Patient is unable to preform independently so we assist in testing the ROM
Ambulation is essential to a patients well being. What may be some consequences that may occur in the body systems if unable to ambulate?
MSK, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, GI, Integumentary, Psychosocial, many many many so walk walk walk!
What are some effects of immobility on the MSK system?
Stiffness and pain in the joints
Decrease in muscle mass
Contractures (Muscle shortening and unable to move joint any longer)
What are some effects of immobility on the cardiovascular and respiratory system?
Increased work heartload, Venous Vasodilation (edema) Thrombus formations (clots) , pooling of secretions in lungs that may lead to pneumonia
What are some points to be aware of when you are considering transferring a patient?
Use pain relief before moving a patient for their comfort, Gather assistant devices if needed, plan around patients needs, watch for IV’s catheters, O2 tubing. Be alert to effects of medication (may cause them to be drowsy)
What are some assistive devices that can be uses?
Canes, walkers, crutches
Least assistance necessary by selecting device that will benefit them most. (do not give crutches when cane can do)
During an assessment of the spine, the patient would be asked to : A) adduct and extend. B) supinate, evert, and retract C) extend, adduct, invert, and rotate D) flex, extend, abduct, rotate
D) flex, extend, abduct, rotate
Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are the result of the articulation of the: A) scapula and clavicle B) radius and ulna C) patella and condyle of fibula D) femur and acetabulum
B) Radius and ulna
Anterior and posterior stability is provided to the knee joint by the:
A) medial and lateral menisci
B) patellar tendon and ligament
C) medial collateral ligament and quadriceps muscle
D) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
D) Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
A 70 year old woman has come for a health examination. Which of the following is a common age-related change in the curvature of the spinal column? A) Lordosis B) Scoliosis C) Kyphosis D) Later Scoliosis
C) Kyphosis
The timing of joint pain may assist the examiner in determine the cause. The joint pain associated with rheumatic fever would:
A) worsen in the morning
B) be worse later in the day
C) be worse in the morning but improve during the day
D) occur 10 to 14 days after an untreated sore throat
D) Occur 10 to 14 days after an untreated sore throat
Examination of the shoulder includes:
A) forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation
B) Abduction, adduction, pronation, and supination
C) Circumduction, inversion, eversion, and rotation
D) election, retraction, protraction, and circumduction
A) Forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation
The bulge sign is a test for: A) swelling in the suprapatellar pouch B) carpal tunnel syndrome C) Heberden's nodes D) olecranon bursa inflammation
A) swelling in the suprapatellar pouch
The examiner is going to measure the patient's legs for length discrepancy. The normal finding would be: A) no difference in measurement B) 0.5cm difference C) within 1 cm of each other D) 2-cm difference
C) within 1 cm of each other
A 2-year old child has been Brough to the clinic for a health examination. A common finding would be: A) Kyphosis B) lordosis C) scoliosis D) no deviation is normal
B) Lordosis
