Unit 6 - IPPA Flashcards
What does the I stand for in IPPA
Inspection
What does the first P stand for in IPPA
Palpation
What does the second P stand for in IPPA
Percussion
What does the A stand for in IPPA
Auscultation
What is “Concentrated Watching”?
Inspection
What needs the use of visual, auditory and olfactory senses?
Inspection
What detects majority of physical signs?
Inspection
What uses your sense of touch?
Palpation
- Use light, slow, and gentle movements
What are you looking for during palpation?
Texture, temperature, moisture of skin. Lumps & Bumps Vibration/Pulsations Rigidity, Crepitations Tenderness or pain
What are you palpating for with the use of your fingertips only?
Fine tactile discrimination palpation for skin texture, swelling, pulsation and presence of lumps.
What are you palpating with the use of your fingers and thumbs (grasping) only?
Detects position, shape, and consistency of an organ or mass.
Why would you use the dorsa (backs of hands and fingers) for palpation?
Determining temperature.
Why would you use the base of your fingers, palmar or ulnar (Palm of hand)?
Vibrations
Tapping the person’s skin with short, sharp strokes to assess for underlying structures.
Percussion
What is Indirect Percussion?
The striking hand contacts the stationary hand which its fixed on the persons skin.
Where do you strike the stationary hand in indirect percussion?
Just behind the nail bed or at the distal interphalangeal joint.
What is an example of an resonant sound from percussion?
Air filled lungs.
Pitch - Low
Amplitude - Medium-loud
Quality - Clear, hollow
What is an example of an Hyperresonant sound from percussion?
Child’s Lungs
Pitch - Lower
Amplitude - Louder
Quality - Longer
Abnormal finding in adults
What is an example of a Tympany sound from percussion?
Over air-filled viscus (stomach & intestines)
Pitch - High
Amplitude - Loud
Quality - Musical and drum like
What in an example of a Dull sound from percussion?
Dense organ such as the spleen or liver.
Pitch - Soft
Amplitude - High
Quality - Muffled thud
What is an example of a Flat sound from percussion?
When no air is present, over thigh muscle, bone, or tumours.
Pitch - Very soft
Amplitude - High
Quality - An instant stop of sound, absolute dullness.
What is a Diaphragm, and what is it used for in auscultation?
The larger end on a stethoscope. Used for hearing high-pitched sounds like heart sounds.
Ensure to press firmly to surface
What is a bell, and what is it used for in auscultation?
Smaller end of a stethoscope. Used for low pitch sounds such as heart murmurs. Press lightly, just enough to seal on the surface.
What should you consider in your setting for the assessment?
The space
Exam
Equipment
Environment
What is the best approach in examining an Infant?
Position - Lay baby flat on the table with parent close by
Prep - Best to wait 1 -2 hours after feeding, keep eye contact and make sure hands and room are warm.
Sequence - Least invasive first, if asleep listen to lung, abdomen first. Check the moro (startle) reflex last.
What is the best approach in examining a toddler?
Position - Sitting up on parents lap with their assistance.
Prep- Engage parent first, then give attention to child. Parent should help undress the child as many not trust you entirely.
Sequence - Collect objective data first while keeping an eye on the child. Lease invasive first; invasive last (eye, ear, throat)
What is the best approach to examine a Pre-school aged child?
Position - Keep parent close by, may hold child.
Prep- Use short simple sentences, allow them to play with the equipment to make them comfortable. Compliment child for cooperating.
Sequence - Leave eye/ear/throat exam for last
What is the best approach in examining a school aged child?
Positon - Use bed or table, parent may or not be present
Prep- Table about what you are doing and how the body works. Have the child undress themselves.
Sequence - Head to toe
What is the best approach in examining an adolescent?
Position - Use bed or table
Prep- Be aware of comments regarding the body
Sequence - Progress from head to toe.
