Unit 9: Mental Health Flashcards
What does it mean to be psychologically healthy?
definition + 3 points
Having a regular capacity to think, feel + behave in ways that contribute to our ability to enjoy life + manage challenges
- accurate view of reality
- ability to develop rational strategies for living
- ability to respond to life challenges
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy
What are traits that people at the top have?
pyramid model that described idea of mental health that encourage people to fulfill their potential
- bottom step: psychological needs
- second to last: safety + security
- middle: love and belongingness
- second: self-esteem
- top: self-actualization
- realism
- self-acceptance
- autonomy
- authenticity
- capable of intimacy
- creativity
What is a psychological disorder?
What % of canadians face mental health issues? What % of people who feel have suffered from anxiety/depression have never seen a doctor?
having persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment
- 1/5 of canadians face mental health issues
- 1/2 of people haven’t seen a doctor
Describe anxiety in anxiety disorders
Anxiety is a synonym for fear, especially a fear that is not in response to any definite threat
Describe Simple Phobia
What % of Canadians have it? What does it result from?
- most common + understandable anxiety disorder
- 13% of canadians will have a phobia
- fear of something definite
- believed to result from combo of biological factors + life events
Describe social phobia
What % of canadians are affected?
Symptoms? Treatments?
- fear of humilation or embarassment while being observed by others - paralyzing
- affects 8-13% of canadians
- extreme panic or anxiety
- treatments: CBT (cognitive behaviour theraphy), exposure therapy
Describe panic disorder
Symptoms? How many ppl are affected?
- experience sudden unexpected surges in anxiety, accompanied by other symptoms
- attacks usually begin in a person’s early 20s + can lead to a fear of being in crowds, closed spaces, driving or flying
- affects around 2-4% of canadians
Symptoms
- chest pain
- heart palpitations
- shortness of breath
- dizziness
- feeling of impending doom
describe generalized anxiety disorder
Symptoms? Treatments? How many people are affected?
- given to people whose worries have taken on a life of their own, pushing out other thoughts + refusing removal by any effort
- 2.5% of canadians
Symptoms
- extreme agitation
- fatigue
- feelings of sadness
- depression
- nausea
- trembling
- muscle tension
- headaches
Treatments
- therapy (ex. CBT), benzodiazepines, antidepressants
Describe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
What % of North Americans are affected?
Symptoms? Treatments?
- given to people who have obsessions or compulsions or both (2% of North Americans)
- obsessions are recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses (not ordinary concerns, but improbable fears)
- compulsions are repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions that are usually associated w/ obsessions
Symptoms
- rituals (ex. Lysol in circular motion, vinegar in circular motion)
- anxiety, out of control, embarrassment
Treatments
- CBT
- antidepressants
Describe behavioural addictions + PTSD
Symptoms of PTSD
Behavioural addictions
- role of compulsion is small but significant (intense urges to engage in behaviour which create anxiety)
PTSD
- severe reaction to traumatic events (under 10% of Canadians)
- re-experiencing trauma in dreams + memories
- trying to avoid anything associated w/ trauma
- numbing of feelings
- hyperarousal, sleep disturbance, anxiety + depression
Describe mood disorders - what’s the difference between mood + psychological disorders
a person w/ mood disorders experiences emotional disturbances that are intense + persistent enough to affect normal functioning
Mood disorders are more particular emotions
List and describe the types of depression
How many people are affected in each type? How many people affected by depression in general?
depression affects about 11% of Canadians (ages 15+), women nearly 2x more likely to experience
seasonal affective disorder
- SAD; 15% of Canadians
- depressive symptoms during winter months, no sun
post partum depression
- around 1/4 new mothers
dysthymic disorder
- may be applied to people with symptoms lasting 2+ years
What are depressive disorders assocated with?
Imbalance of neurotransmitters
What are symptoms of depression?
- feelings of helpness, hopelessness, extreme guilt
- disturbed sleep, eating patterns, weight loss
- restlessness or fatigue
- anhedonia: loss of enjoyment of usual activities
- inability to enjoy life
- suicidal thoughts - typical
Describe bipolar disorder
How many people are affected in Canada?
Treatments?
periods of depression, followed by mania
- affects 1-3% of Canadians
- CBT
- lithium carbonate
- anticonvulsants
- tranquilizers
- ECT
Describe Schizophrenia
Why can’t victims usually self-diagnose?
What is it likely to occur from?
- a psychotic disorder that profoundly impairs one’s sense of reality
- people usually don’t diagnose their own schizophrenia b/c they can’t see anything wrong
- likely caused by a combo of genes + environmental factors that occur during pregnancy + development
Schizophrenia
Describe positive and negative thoughts
positive: things that should be absent but they are present
negative: things that should be present but are absent
Describe the models in which treatments are founded on
The Biological Model
- mind’s activity depends entirelly on organic structure, the brain - genetically determined
Behavioural Model
- focuses on what people do
- stimulus, response, reinforcement
Cognitive Model
- effects of ideas on bhevaiour + feeling
- behaviour results from complicated attitudes, expectations + motives
Psychodynamic Model
- also emphasizes thoguhts
- but believe thoguths cannot be changed directly b/c they are fed by other unconscious ideas + impulses
How many people in the world are effected by mental health issues?
According to World Health Organization, 450 million ppl
- 1/4 of ppl will experience a mental disorder in their lifetime
Suicide
State the likelihood of suicide for certain groups of people
Why are women less likely to commit suicide?
- 3x more likely in men
- 6x higher among Indigenous youth
- around 15% of Canadian adults report considering suicide at some point
- women have more comfort in accessing resources
- ability to express feelings more generally
- men having more access to permanent solutions ex. guns
Suicide
What are some warning signs of suicide?
- expression of the wish to be dead of the revealing of contemplated methods
- increasing social withdrawal and isolation
- sudden, inexplicable lightening of mood (can mean that person has decided to attempt death by suicide)
What is stress?
the general physical + emotional state that accompanies the stress response
- disrupts homeostasis (state where bP, HR, hormone levels + other vital functions are maintained within a narrow range of normal
Briefly describe the nervous system
consist of brain, spinal cord + nerves
the autonomous nervous system is not under conscious supervision
- controls digestion, HR, breathing, bP + pther involuntary functions
2 divisions of autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic: in control when you are relaxed; aids in digesting food, sotring energy + promoting growth
Sympathetic activated during times of arousal, including exercise, and emergencies
describe how the sympathetic nervous system responds to stress
during stress, sympathetic nervous system triggers endocrine system
- system of glands, tissues + cells that release hormones
