Unit 9 Lesson 9 (semester B)

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

often caused by tumors of the pituitary gland, it results from elevated levels of growth hormone in adults

Question 2

endocrine glands

Answer 2

glands that produce hormones

Question 3

exocytosis

Answer 3

when a vesicle wraps around the hormone and moves it across the cell membrane to bring it into the bloodstream

Question 4

gigantism

Answer 4

often caused by tumors of the pituitary gland. it results from elevated levels of growth hormone in children

Question 5

gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

when glucagon stimulates the liver to convert amino acids from the blood into glucose

Question 6

glycogenolysis

Answer 6

when glucagon stimulates the liver to convert the glycogen that it has stored back into glucose

Question 7

goiter

Answer 7

the accumulation of the colloid when the thyroglobulin is secreted in larger amounts and the colloid is increased in the follicles

Question 8

Graves’ ophthalmopathy

Answer 8

dry, red and/or swollen eyes, excessive tears, sensitivity to light and protruding eyeballs

Question 9

hormones

Answer 9

chemical messengers that help to control metabolic activities and initiate a chain of events that allow cells to communicate with one another

Question 10

hyperglycemia

Answer 10

elevated blood glucose

Question 11

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 11

small clusters of cells in the pancreas

Question 12

isthmus

Answer 12

the middle region of the thyroid gland that divides it into two lobes

Question 13

lipolysis

Answer 13

the breakdown of stored triglycerides into their components: fatty acid and glycerol

Question 14

pancreatic islets

Answer 14

small clusters of cells in the pancreas

Question 15

polydipsia

Answer 15

extreme thirst

Question 16

polyphagia

Answer 16

extreme hunger

Question 17

polyuria

Answer 17

excessive urination

Question 18

zona fasciculata

Answer 18

synthesizes and secretes glucocorticoids, which influence the metabolism of food molecules and also play a role in reducing inflammation

Question 19

zona glomerulosa

Answer 19

produces mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone, which is responsible for stimulating the tubules in the kidney to conserve sodium and potassium in the body

Question 20

zona reticularis

Answer 20

secretes androgen and estrogen and while their exact role is unknown, these hormones support sexual function