Unit 9: Genetics and Meiosis Flashcards
What organisms did Mendel study?
Pea plants from a monastery garden
Who was Gregor Mendel? What is he known for?
Austrian monk who studied hybrids, true breeds, principle of dominance, and gametes
List some major contributions from Mendel’s studies.
Alleles are either dominant or recessive.
What’re alleles?
Different forms of a gene
What is inheritance?
Passing from parent to offspring.
Describe a dominant allele.
Can cover a recessive allele
Describe a recessive allele.
Can only be seem if dominant isn’t present.
What is an organism’s genotype?
Gene combination: what alleles that the organism possesses.
What is an organism’s phenotype?
Physical characteristics
What is the difference between a heterozygous organism and a homozygous organism?
Heterozygous: 2 different alleles, homozygous: 2 same alleles
What blood type is the universal donor? Universal recipient?
Donor: O
Recipient: AB
What pattern of inheritance is represented by AB blood?
Codominance
What are pedigrees used for?
Tracking a trait through a family
What shapes are males in a pedigree? Female?
Males are squares, females are circles.
What do Roman numerals represent ?
Generations
What types of cells are produced by the process meiosis?
4 haploid cells
What is the difference in the amount of chromosomes in somatic cells and gametes?
Somatic-same as parents, Gametes-half as parents
How many cells are produced in meiosis? Are they genetically identical or genetically different?
4; different
What are the phases of meiosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is crossing over? Why is it important?
Physical exchange of genes between chromatids of homologous chromosomes causes genetic variations
What is meiosis? Why is the process so important ?
Produces sex cells or gametes, necessary for sexual reproduction
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
Anaphase
