Unit 9 - Digestive System Test Flashcards
Digestion begins with…
Smelling or thinking
What is the muscular tube between the mouth and the stomach?
Esophagus
What organ produces bile?
Liver
Where is the appendix attached?
Cecum
What is the area where the mouth, nose, and esophagus openings enter the throat?
Pharynx
The wrinkles in the stomach are called what?
Rugae
The alimentary canal includes what organs?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
What are the finger like projections that absorb nutrients?
Villi
What is the enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate breakdown?
Amylase
What is the wavelike rhythmic motion used to move food?
Peristalsis
What is the function of bile?
To break down fats
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
The three sections of the small intestine are called what?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
What is the section of the small intestine where bile and pancreatic secretions enter?
Duodenum
Food is mixed with acid in the stomach to form a paste called what?
Chyme
What is the organ that produces bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes?
Pancreas
Where does the absorption of nutrients occur?
Jejunum and ileum
Chewing is also known as what?
Masticating
What is the sphincter between the stomach and small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter
What are the three sections of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon, and rectum
What is the major function of the colon?
Cardiac sphincter
The tongue and hard palate work to form food into what?
Bolus
Swallowing is also known as what?
Degluitition
Protein breakdown begins where?
Stomach
What is the sphincter between the small and large intestine called?
Ileocecal sphincter
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Stores excess bile
After nutrient absorption, water is removed from chyme, forming what?
Feces
What is the short muscular tube used to excrete waste?
Rectum
The excretion of digestive waste is called what?
Defecation
What is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?
Calorie
Which vitamin would be broken down by cooking or processing of food?
Water soluble
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
A, D, E, and K
Which vitamins are water soluble?
C and B complex
These two minerals make up 75% of the mineral weight in our body.
Calcium and phosphorus
What are essential nutrients?
Vitamins, minerals, and some amino acids
Name and describe the four layers of the alimentary canal, from the inside out.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and Serosa.
Mucosa contains mucus to make a smooth movement of waste throughout the body.
The submucosa is used mainly to support the mucosa.
The muscular layer is used to squeeze waste out using peristalsis.
The serosa is the last layer that is lined with mucus to prevent rubbing inside the body.
Trace the pathway of food through the body, and explain what happens at each step.
- Think about/smell food — saliva is produced, and amylase breaks down carbs.
- Bite food — masticate
- Tongue and hard palate — form a bolus
- Pharynx — deglutition
- Esophagus — peristalsis to move food
- Cardiac sphincter
- Stomach — food mixes with acid to form chyme
- Pyloric sphincter
- Duodenum
- Liver — produces bile, which breaks down fats
- Gall bladder — stores excess bile
- Pancreas — contains bicarbonate ions, which neutralizes the acid in chyme, and contains digestive enzymes
- Ilium & Jejunum — both contain villi for nutrient absorption
- Ileocecal sphincter
- Cecum
- Appendix — collects leftover chyme
- Colon — reabsorption of water, and feces formed
- Rectum — excretes feces
- Anal sphincters
- Anus — defecation
