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PCC Anatomy & Physiology > Unit 9 - Digestive System Test > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Digestive System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion begins with…

A

Smelling or thinking

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2
Q

What is the muscular tube between the mouth and the stomach?

A

Esophagus

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3
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Where is the appendix attached?

A

Cecum

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5
Q

What is the area where the mouth, nose, and esophagus openings enter the throat?

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

The wrinkles in the stomach are called what?

A

Rugae

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7
Q

The alimentary canal includes what organs?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

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8
Q

What are the finger like projections that absorb nutrients?

A

Villi

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9
Q

What is the enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate breakdown?

A

Amylase

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10
Q

What is the wavelike rhythmic motion used to move food?

A

Peristalsis

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11
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

To break down fats

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12
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

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13
Q

The three sections of the small intestine are called what?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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14
Q

What is the section of the small intestine where bile and pancreatic secretions enter?

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

Food is mixed with acid in the stomach to form a paste called what?

A

Chyme

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16
Q

What is the organ that produces bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes?

A

Pancreas

17
Q

Where does the absorption of nutrients occur?

A

Jejunum and ileum

18
Q

Chewing is also known as what?

A

Masticating

19
Q

What is the sphincter between the stomach and small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

20
Q

What are the three sections of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, colon, and rectum

21
Q

What is the major function of the colon?

A

Cardiac sphincter

22
Q

The tongue and hard palate work to form food into what?

A

Bolus

23
Q

Swallowing is also known as what?

A

Degluitition

24
Q

Protein breakdown begins where?

A

Stomach

25
Q

What is the sphincter between the small and large intestine called?

A

Ileocecal sphincter

26
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores excess bile

27
Q

After nutrient absorption, water is removed from chyme, forming what?

A

Feces

28
Q

What is the short muscular tube used to excrete waste?

A

Rectum

29
Q

The excretion of digestive waste is called what?

A

Defecation

30
Q

What is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?

A

Calorie

31
Q

Which vitamin would be broken down by cooking or processing of food?

A

Water soluble

32
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, and K

33
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

C and B complex

34
Q

These two minerals make up 75% of the mineral weight in our body.

A

Calcium and phosphorus

35
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Vitamins, minerals, and some amino acids

36
Q

Name and describe the four layers of the alimentary canal, from the inside out.

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and Serosa.
Mucosa contains mucus to make a smooth movement of waste throughout the body.
The submucosa is used mainly to support the mucosa.
The muscular layer is used to squeeze waste out using peristalsis.
The serosa is the last layer that is lined with mucus to prevent rubbing inside the body.

37
Q

Trace the pathway of food through the body, and explain what happens at each step.

A
  1. Think about/smell food — saliva is produced, and amylase breaks down carbs.
  2. Bite food — masticate
  3. Tongue and hard palate — form a bolus
  4. Pharynx — deglutition
  5. Esophagus — peristalsis to move food
  6. Cardiac sphincter
  7. Stomach — food mixes with acid to form chyme
  8. Pyloric sphincter
  9. Duodenum
  10. Liver — produces bile, which breaks down fats
  11. Gall bladder — stores excess bile
  12. Pancreas — contains bicarbonate ions, which neutralizes the acid in chyme, and contains digestive enzymes
  13. Ilium & Jejunum — both contain villi for nutrient absorption
  14. Ileocecal sphincter
  15. Cecum
  16. Appendix — collects leftover chyme
  17. Colon — reabsorption of water, and feces formed
  18. Rectum — excretes feces
  19. Anal sphincters
  20. Anus — defecation

PCC Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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