Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards
What is an element?
Purest form of a substance
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together
What is a compound?
Two or more different elements bonded together
What determines the behavior of an atom?
The number of electrons in the outer layer of the atom (octet rule- trying to get a full valence layer)
What is an atom’s atomic number?
The number of protons
What is an atom’s atomic mass?
How much stuff is in the atom
What is an ionic bond?
When ions (cations and anions) bond together
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weak attraction formed between the positive end of one polar molecule & the negative end of another
What is a covalent bond?
Two or more elements bonded together
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost an electron
What is an isotope?
Different forms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule with a slightly positive and slightly negative end
What is the difference between an acid and a base?
Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in water where bases release OH- ions in water
What is pH?
Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
How is pH concentration determined?
pH will be higher (basic) if there are more OH- ions in the solution, and will be lower (acidic) if there are more H+ ions in a solution
What are buffers?
A solution that resists pH change with the addition of an acid or a base
What is an electrolyte?
Substances that release ions in water
What is the difference between an organic and inorganic molecule?
Organic molecules contain C and H, where inorganic molecules often do not have C and are smaller
What is an enzyme?
Acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions to regulate the reaction
Why is it dangerous, based on biomolecules, to run a high fever?
If your temperature gets too high, it can break down your enzymes, which can cause huge disruptions in your body
Why don’t oil and water mix?
Oil does not have any polar part of it (it is a nonpolar molecule), and therefore would have to break apart the water to bond, which water won’t do
Name at least 2 biomolecules, their monomers, functions, and examples
Matching; just know what the 4 types do (in notes)
