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Introduction to Networking > Unit 9 : Application Layer > Flashcards

Unit 9 : Application Layer Flashcards

1
Q

List out the upper 3 layers in OSI model

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation
  3. Session
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2
Q

What does the application layer provides?

A
  1. Provides the interface between the application used to communicate, and the underlying network over which messages are transmitted
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3
Q

List out the application layer protocols ( 5 )

A
  1. HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer Protocol )
  2. FTP ( File Transfer Protocol )
  3. TFTP
  4. IMAP ( Internet Message Access Protocol )
  5. DNS ( Domain Name System )
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4
Q

What are the 3 primary function in the presentation layer?

A
  1. Formatting, or presenting, data at the source device into a compatible format for receipt by the destination device
  2. Compressing data in a way that can be decompressed by the destination device
  3. Encrypting data for transmission and decrypting data upon receipt
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5
Q

What are the functions in the session layer? ( 2 )

A
  1. It creates ans maintains dialogs between source and destination applications
  2. It handles the exchange of information to initiate dialogs, keep them active, and to restart sessions that are disrupted or idle for a long period of time
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6
Q

What layer protocols are used by both the source and destination devices during a communication seesion?

A
  1. Application Layer Protocols
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7
Q

What must be done for the communication to be useful?

A
  1. The application layer protocols that are implemented on the soure and destination host must be compatible
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8
Q

What does TCP/IP application protocols do?

A
  1. Specify the format and control information necessary for many common internet communication functions
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9
Q

What does DNS do?

A
  1. Translates domain names ( youtube.com ), into IP Addresses
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10
Q

What does DHCP do?

A
  1. Dynamically assigns IP addresses to be re-used when no longger needed
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11
Q

What does HTTP do?

A
  1. A set of rules for exchanging text, graphic imagesm sound, video and other multinedia files on the World Wide Web
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12
Q

What is the requesting information’s device called?

A
  1. Client
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13
Q

What is the responding the request’s device called?

A
  1. Server
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14
Q

What can pear-to-pear network do for 2 or more computers?

A
  1. Connected via a network and can share resources without having a dedicated server
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15
Q

What can an end device ( peer ) functionin pear-to-pear ( 2 )

A
  1. Server
  2. Client
  • One computer might assume the role of server for one transaction while simultaneously serving as a client for another. The roles of client and server are set on a per request basis
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16
Q

List out the common P2P network ( 4 )

A
  1. BitTorrent
  2. Direct Connect
  3. eDonkey
  4. Freenet
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17
Q

List out the 3 parts that the browser interprets

A
  1. HTTP / HTTPS ( Protocol / Scheme )
  2. www
  3. index.html
  • HTTPS has log
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18
Q

List out the steps on how the web browser and web server interact

A
  1. Browser interprets 3 parts of the URL ( http , www , index.html )
  2. Checks the name server to convert into numeric IP address, then sending a GET request to the server and asks for the index.html file
  3. In response to the request, the server sends the HTML code for this web page to the browser
  4. The browser deciphers the HTML code and formats the page for the browser window
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19
Q

What is HTTP?

A
  1. Is a request / response protocol specifies the message types used for that communication
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20
Q

List out 3 common messages types of HTTP

A
  1. GET
    • Request data
  2. POST
    • Uploads data files
  3. PUT
    • Uploads resources or content to the web server ( image )
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21
Q

What is Email?

A
  1. Is a store-and-forward method of sending, storing, and retriving electronic message across a network
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22
Q

Email messages stored in where?

A
  1. In databases on main servers
23
Q

List out the email protocols ( 2 )

A
  1. Send Mail
    • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP )
  2. Receive Mail
    • Post Office Protocol ( POP )
    • IMAP
24
Q

What is the main function of SMTP?

A
  1. Send the email to the server using port 25
    * Important port 25
25
Q

What is the main function of POP?

A
  1. Sends a request to establish a TCP connection with the server using port 110
26
Q

Why POP is not recommend for small business

A
  1. Because POP does not store messages, it is not recommended for small business that need a centralized backup solution
27
Q

What is the main function of IMAP?

A
  1. Is another protocol that retrive email messages from the server ( Same as POP )
28
Q

What is the difference between POP and IMAP

A
  1. IMAP will copy the message then sends to the client application.
  2. The original messages are kept on the server until manually deleted
29
Q

What will happen if a user decides to delete a message using IMAP ?

A
  1. The server synchronizes that action and deletes the message from the server
30
Q

What does the DNS server stores? ( 3 )

A
  1. Name
  2. Address
  3. Type of Record
31
Q

List out some of the records types ( 4 )

A
  1. A
    • An end devie IPv4 address
  2. NS
    • AN authoritiative name server
  3. AAAA
    • An end device IPv6 address
  4. MX
    • A mail exchange record
32
Q

What are the step that the DNS process

A
  1. The local DNS server first looks at its own records
  2. If it was unable to resolve the name by using its stored records, it contacts other servers to resolve the name
  3. After the match is found and returned to the original requestion server, the server temporily stores the numbered address in the even that the same name is requested again
33
Q

List out the DNS message section and a basic description

A
  1. Question
    • Question for the Name server
  2. Answer
    • Resource records answering the question
  3. Authority
    • Resource records pointing toward an authority
  4. Additional
    • Resource records holding additional information
34
Q

Why DNS uses hierarchial system?

A
  1. Create database to provide name resolution
35
Q

slide 27

A
36
Q

slide 27 ( top-level domains )

A
37
Q

slide 27

A
38
Q

slide 28

A
39
Q

slide 28

A
40
Q

slide 28

A
41
Q

slide 28

A
42
Q

slide 28

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43
Q

slide 28

A
44
Q

What is the purpose of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ( DHCP )

A
  1. Automates the assignment of IPv4 address, subnet masks, gateways and other IPv4 networking parameters
45
Q

What is static addressing?

A
  1. Manually entering IP address information
46
Q

List out the examples of dynamic addressing?

A
  1. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ( DHCP )
47
Q

When is using DHCP addressing?

A
  1. General purpose hosts ( end user devices )
48
Q

When is using static addressing? ( 4 )

A

Network Devices
1. Routers
2. Switches
3. Servers
4. Printes

49
Q

List out the DHCP Process

A
  1. D - Discover ( DHCPDISCOVER )
  2. O - Offer ( DHCPOFFER )
  3. R - Request ( DHCPREQUEST )
  4. A - Acknowlwdgement ( DHCPACK )
50
Q

Why was File Transfer Protocol developed?

A
  1. Was developed to allow for data transfer between a client and a server
51
Q

List out the step for FTP ( 3 )

A
  1. Establishes the first connection to the server for control traffic using TCP port 21
  2. The client established the second connection to the server for the actual data transfer using TCP port 20 ( It was created every time there is data to be transferred )
  3. The data transfer can happen in either direction, the client can pull ( download ) data from the server, or push ( upload ) data to the server
52
Q

List out the 3 functions of SMB messages

A
  1. Start, authenticate, and terminate sessions
  2. Control file and printer access
  3. Allow an application to send or received messages too or from another device
53
Q
A

Introduction to Networking (5 decks)

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