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SB 518 > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioral Pediatrics in Primary Care

A

-the application of behavioral analysis and developmental psychology to child behavioral problems presenting in primary care settings

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2
Q

Behavioral Pediatrics in Primary Care-Major Emphasis

A

-prevention over cure/rehab

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3
Q

Two Types of Intervention in Bxal Pediatrics

A
  1. Supportive Health Education

2. Prescriptive Treatment

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4
Q

Three Domains of Care in Bxa’ Pediatrics

A
  • Common Behavior Problems
  • Behavior problems with significant medical (biological) dimensions
  • Medical (biological) problems with significant behavioral dimensions
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5
Q

Definition of Prescriptive Treatment

A

-when we provide tx for bx already occuring

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6
Q

Common Bx Problems Presenting in Primary Care

A
  • high frequency/low intensity problems
  • responsive to prescriptive bxal treatments
  • approx. 50% of all primary care child visits involve behavior problems
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7
Q

Common behavior problems are not pathologies…

A

they are skill deficits (parents are ‘on their own’)

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8
Q

Common parenting tactics for pediatric behavior problems..

A

-ignoring, warning, yelling, spanking, rewarding, reasoning, placating, or indulging

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9
Q

What is the rule of thirds?

A

1/3 of pediatric bxal problems get better
1/3 get worse (our population)
1/3 manage

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10
Q

Skinner’s vision for behavior analysis…

A

has yet to be fully realized

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11
Q

What is the major emphasis in behavioral pediatrics?

A

-prevention

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12
Q

What are the two types of intervention in behavioral pediatrics?

A
  • (supportive) health education

- prescriptive treatment

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13
Q

Dr Friman supplied a list of the top behavior problems in 3 year old children and then argued that parents were pretty much on their own when solving them. Why?

A

the problems are not pathologies in 3 yos

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14
Q

Info on the gap in Behavioral Health Care for Children:

A
  • primary care pediatrics on one side
  • conventional mental health services for children on the other
  • vast range of behavioral health problems in the gap
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15
Q

Why might pediatricians not address common behavior problems?

A
  • limited or no time
  • limited or no training
  • lack of inclination
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16
Q

Why are parents reluctant to seek mental health services for children?

A
  • Over-interpretation in practice:
    a. underlying problem syndrome
    b. Berkson’s bias: emphasis on highly impaired populations
    c. Textbook case bias: emphasis on extreme cases
  • Research Practices: Correlative theory building over intervention
  • Public Impressions: not flattering
  • highly variable quality in mental health services
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17
Q

Common behavior problems in three year olds are typically the result of:

A

skill deficits

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18
Q

Sample Health Education topics in Behavioral Pediatrics in primary care:

A
  • learning
  • crying
  • sleep
  • toilet readiness
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19
Q

Children learn through repetition with

A

contrast in experience

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20
Q

2 types of change in Clarifying Contrast

A
  1. Quality

2. Quantity

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21
Q

Quality of Clarifying Contrast

A
  • determines direction of learning
    1. Pleasant
    a. reward (positive reinforcement)
    b. relief (negative reinforcement)
    2. Unpleasant
    a. pain (positive punishment)
    b. loss (negative punishment)
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22
Q

Quantity of Clarifying Contrast

A
  • determines need for repetition
    1. Large-large change, less repetition
    2. Small-small change, more repetition
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23
Q

This determines direction of learning

A

quality of the consequence

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24
Q

This determines the need for repetition

A

quantity of the consequence

25
Q

Crying is ..

A

the number one cause of child abuse. Provide health education-crying is normal.

26
Q

Toileting Readiness

A
  • Physical readiness: raise and lower pants, pincer grasp, fully ambulatory, sit independently
  • Bladder readiness: dry for several hours
  • Language readiness: toileting words
  • Instructional readiness: follow simple instructions
  • Proprioceptive readiness: awareness of urge
  • Emotional-social readiness: assess for clinical significance
27
Q

According to Dr. Friman, typically developing infants:

A

cry an average of 2-3 hours a day in the first 4-8 weeks of life

28
Q

Dr Friman described a toilet training program called “drink up-undress-play and pay”. In that program “drink up” refers to?

A

increased fluid loading to increase learning trials

29
Q

The best descriptor for the “pay” step in Dr Friman’s “drink up-undress-play and pay” toilet training program is?

A

contingent rewards

30
Q

What variable determines the amount of repetition needed for child learning?

A

the size of the contrast or experiential change

31
Q

Sample Toddler Misbehavior Targets

A
  • toddler misbehavior
  • bedtime problems
  • simple habits
  • defiance, non-compliance, and rule infractions in older children
  • simple phobia
32
Q

How/why ABA can help Toddler Misbehavior?

A
  • danger seeking
  • systematic use of carrot and stick
  • repetition
  • Strategic use of nothing (time in/time out)
33
Q

How to effectively treat bedtime resistance?

A
  • escape extinction (ignoring)

- often avoided by caregivers because of the extinction burst

34
Q

What might be a target behavior for an active one year old infant?

A

dangerous behavior (they are ‘testing’ their env’t)

35
Q

What might be an appropriate location for time out used with a one year old infant?

A

playpen

36
Q

What is the best method for treating toddler misbehavior?

A

time in and time out

37
Q

What is the most crucial variable for establishing effective time out?

A

time in

38
Q

What is the most effective method for treating bedtime resistance?

A

escape extinction

39
Q

Despite its effectiveness, most parents are reluctant to use escape extinction to treat bedtime resistance. What is the most likely reason for this?

A

extinction burst

40
Q

What are the likely active ingredients in the bedtime pass program?

A
  • escape extinction

- DRA

41
Q

When to use Taste Treatment for Thumb Sucking

A
  • when older than 5 yo
  • in more than one env’t
  • other problems such as physical damage, buck teeth, check with pediatrician
42
Q

Taste Treatment for Thumb Sucking

A
  • non-punitive procedure (reminding rather than punishing, “reminder fluid” taste treatment)
  • child involvement (done with, not to, child)
  • systematic application
  • fading procedure
43
Q

Job-Based Grounding

A
  • menial jobs are assigned when child engages in misbehavior (make sure they are not super important so as to not impact the family flow)
  • grounding is done when the job(s) are completed (instead of duration of time)
  • parents need to not nag, not remind about jobs to be done, not re-hash why being punished
44
Q

in the aversive taste treatment of thumb sucking the aversive taste is characterized as

A

reminder fluid

45
Q

Job based grounding is superior to tie based grounding because

A
  • release from job-based grounding is based on appropriate behavior whereas release from time-based grounding is based on passage of time
  • time-based grounding can function as an establishing operation for inappropriate behavior
46
Q

In the job-based grounding treatment described by Dr Friman, he encourages parents to

A

explain why grounding occurred and the rules once/twice clearly and then quietly monitor child progress

47
Q

With anxiety/phobia concerns, there is another bx impacted

A

track that permanent product (such as math calculations)

48
Q

Define respondents and operants

A

Respondents: controlled by antecedent stimuli
Operants: controlled by both antecedents and consequences

49
Q

Why is spermatogenesis relevant to behavior analysis?

A
  • sperm are organisms that behave
  • their behavior occurs in an environment
  • that environment exerts strong influence on sperm behavior
  • that environment is changeable
50
Q

Dr Friman discusses early work on anxiety by Estes and Skinner. In their study, they characterized anxiety as:

A

conditioned suppression

51
Q

Dr. Friman discussed the most effective treatment for anxiety currently available it is

A

-exposure and response prevention

52
Q

One of the best known and most widely used treatments in clinical psychology is called Exposure and Response Prevention. A behavior analytic synonym for it is:

A

escape extinction

53
Q

Dr Friman’s study on male fertility attracted a large amount of media attention. His explanation for why this was the case was?

A

because the subject of the study is a mainstream concern

54
Q

What is a hallmark of behavior analysis contributed the most to Dr. Friman’s study on male fertility?

A

single subject research methods

55
Q

The environmental variable that Dr. Friman manipulated in his study of ashtray usage was?

A

distance from door into hospital to ashtray

56
Q

The specific dependent measure that Dr. Friman used in his study of ashtray usage was?

A

cigarette butts in ashtrays

57
Q

According to Dr Friman what is the best variable to manipulate in order to reduce littering?

A

effort

58
Q

Which of the following mainstream topics did Dr. Friman recommend for behavior analytic study?

A

anxiety and depression

SB 518 (9 decks)

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