Unit 5 Flashcards
Emily, a BCBA, began working with Jeb about four months ago, but has been unable to obtain much information on his past. Jeb has responded to several treatment efforts in unpredictable ways. Which of the following may be the best explanation?
An idiosyncratic reinforcement history
Which of the following best conceptualizes reinforcement history?
Influence of past events on current behavior
A behavior analyst doing research on reinforcement history can fully control the extra-experimental history of the research subjects only by using:
Non-human animals
Which of the following reinforcement schedules has been most commonly used in studies on reinforcement history?
Correct!
The fixed-interval schedule
Carl suffered a traumatic brain injury in an accident, and soon began to demonstrate severe aggression. His parents inadvertently reinforced his assaultive behavior, resulting in an increase in both its rate and intensity. He was placed in a temporary residential facility with intensive behavioral services, and Carl’s assaults decreased significantly. After his parents were trained in the behavior program procedures, Carl was eventually sent home. In spite of his parents accurately and consistently following the program procedures, Carl’s assaultive behavior immediately returned after he got home. Which of the following rationales most likely explains this return Carl’s assaultive behavior?
Stimulus conditions at home were correlated with a past DRH schedule
In several studies, Weiner (1962, 1964, 1965, 1969) demonstrated that when an organism is exposed to an FR schedule, versus a DRL schedule, prior to exposure to an FI schedule:
There is a clear differential effect between schedules in the FI condition
Alleman & Zeiler (1974) found that the presentation of a response dependent schedule of reinforcement (an FR or DRL) followed by a time-based schedule (FT) will likely have which of the following effects on response rates?
Low response rates in FT following a DRL
Extinction procedures can only be used on responses that have
A previous history of reinforcement
Classroom teacher Mr. James was not able to provide each of his students reinforcement after every 5th correctly spelled word (as had been suggested by a BCBA), because he could not keep track of every student’s completion of every spelling word. What might Mr. James do to maintain his students “correct spelling of words” behavior in class?
Begin with an FR schedule, then switch to an FI schedule
Which of the following is an example of operant extinction?
Satoru smiles at Cain but Cain never smiles back, so he stops smiling at Cain
Presenting a conditioned stimulus repeatedly in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus leads to:
Respondent extinction
When Billy whispers to his Dad in the library, Dad does not answer him. Billy then begins to speak louder and louder until his Dad answers him and tells him to keep his voice down. The increase in Billy’s volume may be best explained as an effect related to which of the following behavioral processes?
Punishment
Extinction
The ______ of extinction is the reduction in the response rate following a discontinuation of the response-reinforcer contingency
Process
Charlotte’s yelling at the grocery store appeared to be maintained by receiving candy. The BCaBA instructs mom to stop providing candy when Charlotte yells. Over the next month, Charlotte’s yelling in the store gradually declines, and finally stops. Mom no longer providing candy to Charlotte when she yells would be an example of the ______ of extinction.
Procedure
Extinction used in combination with reinforcement is best used to:
Reduce one behavior while building another behavior
What is the main effect of extinction?
Response reduction
Typically during the extinction phase of treatment, responding initially ______, and is followed by a gradual ______ in response rate across time.
Increases; decrease
Response-generative effects are typically known as ______ of extinction.
Side effects
artin engaged in skin picking throughout the day. Owen, the BCBA on the case, put Martin’s skin picking on extinction. Martin then began to engage in skin scratching, nail biting, and even scraping his skin on sharp objects. Owen had never previously observed these responses. The emergence of Martin’s scratching, biting, and scraping is most likely due to which extinction effect?
Response variation
All of the following may cause treatment relapse to occur,
- Inconsistent implementation of treatment procedures
- Return to setting/context in which problem behavior was previously reinforced
- Delivery of reinforcers previously associated with problem behavior
Which of the following is considered a primary response-generative effect of extinction?
Emotional outbursts
A form of treatment relapse associated with increased exposure to extinction is referred to as:
Resurgence
Which treatment procedure is most likely to produce a potential reduction in extinction bursts?
Extinction with reinforcement
Which of the following is described as a way to plan for extinction bursts?
Gradually thin the reinforcement schedule
Interviewing caregivers and reviewing possible response-class hierarchies are ways to plan for:
Response variation
Katie’s client Andrew constantly yelled out answers in class without being called on by the teacher. Katie, a BCBA, put Andrew’s “yelling out” behavior on extinction, and only provided reinforcement by calling on Andrew when he quietly raised his hand. Katie began training a new behavioral technician on the procedures in place for Andrew. As Katie was observing, she noticed that the technician was ignoring “yelling out” but was not consistently delivering reinforcement for appropriate hand raising. This is an example of what type of treatment integrity error?
Omission