Unit 9 Flashcards
- the global increase in ocean water temperatures
- caused by increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (CO2 and methane)
- affects marine species b
ocean warming
- warm ocean temps stress the corals and the coral expel their symbiotic algae, which gives them a bleach appearance
- could cause the coral to die
coral bleaching
- an increase in the acidity of the oceans (decrease in pH of the ocean), occurs when CO2 from the atmosphere enters ocean water and combines with water molecules and carbonic acid forms
- this is contributing to coral bleaching
- CO2+H2O -> H2CO3
ocean acidification
What are some anthropogenic activities that have led to ocean acidification?
- burning fossil fuels
- driving vehicles
- deforestation
What is a negative effect on the loss of coral?
decrease in biodiversity which leads to a decrease in marine organisms
- non-native species accidentally or purposefully introduced into a ecosystem that threaten or harm native populations
- generalist and r-selected
invasive species
any external factor that changes the behavior and fitness of organisms within an environment
selective pressure
est. 1900, US law that prohibits interstate shipping of all illegally harvested plants and animals
Lacey Act
a 1973 treaty formed to control the international trade of threatened plants and animals
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
- a 1972 U.S. act to protect declining populations of marine mammals
- prohibits the killing of all marine mammals and the import or export of their body parts
Marine Mammal Protection Act
est. 1973, it authorizes the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine which species can be listed as threatened or endangered and prohibits the harming of these species
Endangered Species Act
What are the main factors leading to decreases in biodiversity?
- habitat destruction
- invasive species
- population growth (humans)
- pollution
- climate change
- over exploitation
- occurs when large habitats are broken up into smaller isolated areas
- negative impact on biodiversity
- specialist are easily affected
habitat fragmentation
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
isotope
- the bond that forms when atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons
- strongest of the 3
covalent bond
- a bond that forms when 2 atoms transfer one or more electrons between each other
- one atom becomes electron deficient (+) and the other becomes electron rich (-)
- weaker than covalent
ionic bond
- this bond forms when a “weaker” hydrogen atom bonds with another “stronger” atom like oxygen
- weakest bond
hydrogen bond
unequal sharing of electrons
polar molecule
cohesion
- water sticking to water
- helps water go against gravity
adhesion
water sticking to a surface
high specific heat
takes a lot of heat energy to increase water temp
universal solvent
a lot of different substances cells need can dissolve into water
high heat of vaporization
takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate water
capillary action
water moves upward in trees due to adhesion and cohesion
less dense in solid form
ice floats
surface tension
when water molecules stick together they are hard
a law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form
law of conservation of matter:
kinetic energy
energy in motion
potential energy
stored energy
energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another
First Law of Thermodynamics
- when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes because some energy is lost to the system, increasing entropy (disorder)
- energy is lost as heat
Second law of thermodynamics
a feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring
negative feedback loop
a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified or keeps going
positive feedback loop
- A system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries
- earth is this system
Open system
A system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries
Closed system
