Unit 9 Flashcards
Sex vs Gender
Sex is biological, physical body (XX,XY)
Gender is socially constructed roles (typically asigned at birth)
male/female
sex
man, men, he, him, woman, women, she, her, they, them
gender
Do women react differently than men to medications?
yes
Many of our objective and subjective screening tests are _________________
one size fits all
example of gender bias
•Women have higher rates of depression but men have higher rates of suicide
gender inequality
Sex-based differences: woman having a MI presenting with upper back pain/fatigue versus “elephant on my chest”
gender inequality example
Woman gets sent home with no MI work-up
is gender a structural or intermediary determinant of health?
gender is structural
In 2018, the ______________was 5.8% for those living in couple families, compared with 26.2% for those in _______ lone-parent families.
-child poverty rate
- Female
Do men and women have a gender hourly wage gap?
yes - it is declining but still significant
men – $31.05
women – $29.92
canada ranks ____out of 27 with 18.5% wage gap between men and women in OECD nations
23rd
Ways to close the gender-based gap
1.pay equity
2. reducing extreme forms of poverty and social exclusion
3. national affordable childcare programs,
4. improve access to employment insurance
5. policies that make it easier for workplaces to achieve collective
agreements through unionization.
Elimination of gender-based discrimination is needed through ______________ and _______________.
policy creation and enforcement
example of gender-based inequity in the work force
non-racialized women earn 69 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn
example of race-based inequity in the work force
•racialized men earn 76 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn
example of gender-based + race-based inequity in the work force (intersectionality)
racialized women earn 58 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn
rank the following from highest paid to least highest paid:
Women - Bachelor degree
Men - Bachelor degree
Women - high school diploma
Men - high school diploma
Men - Bachelor Degree
Women - Bachelor Degree
Men - High school diploma
Women - High school diploma
Women have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than men (18-64 years) of age,by household food insecurity status and sex, in all categories except?
heart disease and diabetes mellitus
when did the women’s health movement begin
1970
what do the 17 sustainable development goals address?
- pertaining to gender and health
- health and well-being for all (goal 3)
- gender equality (goal 5)
- reduction of inequality within and among countries (goal 10)
T/F: Advancing gender equalty in Canada isn’t just about closing gaps between men and women
T
Examples of policies and practices that main stream gender
- Universal health coverage
- Monitoring of health inequities re: income,gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disabilities, and where people live.
What is the trend seem with women vs men applying for federal research grants? (reviewers selected research projects and reviewers selected researchers)
both have decreased success for women
- reviewers selected researchers have even lower rates for women compared to men
gender identity
internal awareness of gender
gender expression
social expression of gender
Trans
incongruence with assigned gender (umbrella term for not Cis)
Cis
non-trans
Non-binary
does not identify exclusively with one gender
Two-spirit
Indigenous term referring to having both a masculine and feminine spirit
Gender non-conforming
expression of gender that transcends masculine/feminine stereotypes
gender dysphoria
discomfort with the discrepancy between gender identity and (biological) sex
Under the ________________________, discrimination and harassment because of gender identity or gender expression is against the law.
Ontario Human Rights Code
are “gender identity” and “gender expression” grounds of discrimination in the ontario human rights code?
YES
what are some examples of anti-trans legislation passed in the US targeting trans youth? (2021)
Athletics
Criminalization of gender-affirming care for trans kids
Texas- Recent directive to Child and Family protective services
Quebec- Bill 2- amendment to province’s family law
How can we as nurses take on an inclusive approach to care?
- Ask all patients what name they would like to be called + pronouns
- Refrain from making assumptions about a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity based on appearance
- Uses gender-inclusive language when discussing:
- Pronouns, names
- Significant others/partners/family members
- Body parts
- Medical terminology
Recognize that patients may not disclose their gender identity and/or sexual orientation for a number of reasons: - To prevent experiencing discrimination/structural violence
- To avoid receiving poor quality care
Be intentional in promoting inclusive and effective communication: - Don’t operate in a ‘don’t ask/don’t tell’ capacity- normalize disclosure as a standard part of care
- Actively resist informational/institutional forms of erasure to promote disclosure
Create inclusive forms, documents, educational resources, policies, practices and procedures
________ are 12 times more likely to be murdered or go missing than any other women in Canada.
Indigenous women
Kimberle Crenshaw
Coined the term intersectionality
helped open the discussion of the double blind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice
A woman living in a high-income neighbourhood in Toronto is about ________ more likely to have up-to-date screening than a recent immigrant of South Asian descent who is over 50 and doesn’t have a general practitioner.
4x
systemic barriers
Policymaking has a silo nature e.g. health, immigration, education do not collaborate or talk together
Immigrants fall through the gaps within these systems
Power Inequities in HC system
Differences in social locations of those who control resources and workers
examples of intersections of gender (discussion with Bukola Salami)
●1.4 million health care workers in Canada (from Canadian Institute of Health Information (excludes PSWs)
●23% nursing staff immigrants, 90% female (Stats Canada)
●Stated nursing is like cappuccino, white on top, more brown underneath
●Practical nurses more likely immigrants and people of colour
●PhD and management positions, less and less immigrant populations
●PSWs- approx. 80% of COVID stats are in LTC and PSWs provide bulk of care
●About 250,000 PSWs, HC aides, orderlies with 1/3 of them immigrants
(less in eastern provinces and Alberta highest at 55% immigrants
●Issue that we don’t collect Canada wide race based data (Salami’s data about 16 workers came from Canadian Federation of Nurses
