Unit 9

Question 1

Sex vs Gender

Answer 1

Sex is biological, physical body (XX,XY)

Gender is socially constructed roles (typically asigned at birth)

Question 2

male/female

Answer 2

sex

Question 3

man, men, he, him, woman, women, she, her, they, them

Answer 3

gender

Question 4

Do women react differently than men to medications?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Many of our objective and subjective screening tests are _________________

Answer 5

one size fits all

Question 6

example of gender bias

Answer 6

•Women have higher rates of depression but men have higher rates of suicide

Question 7

gender inequality

Answer 7

Sex-based differences: woman having a MI presenting with upper back pain/fatigue versus “elephant on my chest”

Question 8

gender inequality example

Answer 8

Woman gets sent home with no MI work-up

Question 9

is gender a structural or intermediary determinant of health?

Answer 9

gender is structural

Question 10

In 2018, the ______________was 5.8% for those living in couple families, compared with 26.2% for those in _______ lone-parent families.

Answer 10

-child poverty rate
- Female

Question 11

Do men and women have a gender hourly wage gap?

Answer 11

yes - it is declining but still significant

men – $31.05
women – $29.92

Question 12

canada ranks ____out of 27 with 18.5% wage gap between men and women in OECD nations

Answer 12

23rd

Question 13

Ways to close the gender-based gap

Answer 13

1.pay equity
2. reducing extreme forms of poverty and social exclusion
3. national affordable childcare programs,
4. improve access to employment insurance
5. policies that make it easier for workplaces to achieve collective
agreements through unionization.

Question 14

Elimination of gender-based discrimination is needed through ______________ and _______________.

Answer 14

policy creation and enforcement

Question 15

example of gender-based inequity in the work force

Answer 15

non-racialized women earn 69 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn

Question 16

example of race-based inequity in the work force

Answer 16

•racialized men earn 76 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn

Question 17

example of gender-based + race-based inequity in the work force (intersectionality)

Answer 17

racialized women earn 58 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn

Question 18

rank the following from highest paid to least highest paid:
Women - Bachelor degree
Men - Bachelor degree
Women - high school diploma
Men - high school diploma

Answer 18

Men - Bachelor Degree
Women - Bachelor Degree
Men - High school diploma
Women - High school diploma

Question 19

Women have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than men (18-64 years) of age,by household food insecurity status and sex, in all categories except?

Answer 19

heart disease and diabetes mellitus

Question 20

when did the women’s health movement begin

Answer 20

1970

Question 21

what do the 17 sustainable development goals address?
- pertaining to gender and health

Answer 21

• health and well-being for all (goal 3)
• gender equality (goal 5)
• reduction of inequality within and among countries (goal 10)

Question 22

T/F: Advancing gender equalty in Canada isn’t just about closing gaps between men and women

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Examples of policies and practices that main stream gender

Answer 23

• Universal health coverage
• Monitoring of health inequities re: income,gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disabilities, and where people live.

Question 24

What is the trend seem with women vs men applying for federal research grants? (reviewers selected research projects and reviewers selected researchers)

Answer 24

both have decreased success for women
- reviewers selected researchers have even lower rates for women compared to men

Question 25

gender identity

Answer 25

internal awareness of gender

Question 26

gender expression

Answer 26

social expression of gender

Question 27

Trans

Answer 27

incongruence with assigned gender (umbrella term for not Cis)

Question 28

Cis

Answer 28

non-trans

Question 29

Non-binary

Answer 29

does not identify exclusively with one gender

Question 30

Two-spirit

Answer 30

Indigenous term referring to having both a masculine and feminine spirit

Question 31

Gender non-conforming

Answer 31

expression of gender that transcends masculine/feminine stereotypes

Question 32

gender dysphoria

Answer 32

discomfort with the discrepancy between gender identity and (biological) sex

Question 33

Under the ________________________, discrimination and harassment because of gender identity or gender expression is against the law.

Answer 33

Ontario Human Rights Code

Question 34

are “gender identity” and “gender expression” grounds of discrimination in the ontario human rights code?

Answer 34

YES

Question 35

what are some examples of anti-trans legislation passed in the US targeting trans youth? (2021)

Answer 35

Athletics

Criminalization of gender-affirming care for trans kids

Texas- Recent directive to Child and Family protective services

Quebec- Bill 2- amendment to province’s family law

Question 36

How can we as nurses take on an inclusive approach to care?

Answer 36

• Ask all patients what name they would like to be called + pronouns
• Refrain from making assumptions about a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity based on appearance
• Uses gender-inclusive language when discussing:
• Pronouns, names
• Significant others/partners/family members
• Body parts
• Medical terminology
  Recognize that patients may not disclose their gender identity and/or sexual orientation for a number of reasons:
• To prevent experiencing discrimination/structural violence
• To avoid receiving poor quality care
  Be intentional in promoting inclusive and effective communication:
• Don’t operate in a ‘don’t ask/don’t tell’ capacity- normalize disclosure as a standard part of care
• Actively resist informational/institutional forms of erasure to promote disclosure
  Create inclusive forms, documents, educational resources, policies, practices and procedures

Question 37

________ are 12 times more likely to be murdered or go missing than any other women in Canada.

Answer 37

Indigenous women

Question 38

Kimberle Crenshaw

Answer 38

Coined the term intersectionality

helped open the discussion of the double blind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice

Question 39

A woman living in a high-income neighbourhood in Toronto is about ________ more likely to have up-to-date screening than a recent immigrant of South Asian descent who is over 50 and doesn’t have a general practitioner.

Answer 39

4x

Question 40

systemic barriers

Answer 40

Policymaking has a silo nature e.g. health, immigration, education do not collaborate or talk together

Immigrants fall through the gaps within these systems

Power Inequities in HC system

Differences in social locations of those who control resources and workers

Question 41

examples of intersections of gender (discussion with Bukola Salami)

Answer 41

●1.4 million health care workers in Canada (from Canadian Institute of Health Information (excludes PSWs)
●23% nursing staff immigrants, 90% female (Stats Canada)
●Stated nursing is like cappuccino, white on top, more brown underneath
●Practical nurses more likely immigrants and people of colour
●PhD and management positions, less and less immigrant populations
●PSWs- approx. 80% of COVID stats are in LTC and PSWs provide bulk of care
●About 250,000 PSWs, HC aides, orderlies with 1/3 of them immigrants
(less in eastern provinces and Alberta highest at 55% immigrants
●Issue that we don’t collect Canada wide race based data (Salami’s data about 16 workers came from Canadian Federation of Nurses