Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Determinants of Health > Final Exam Prep > Flashcards

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

gender Inequality

A

sex-based differences: femaile having a MI presenting with upper back pain/fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gender inequity

A

female gets sent home with no MI-work up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-5.80%

A

child poverty rate for those living in couple families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-26.20%

A

child poverty rate for those living in female lone-parent families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

While the wage gap is declining, it is still significant with men earning hourly wages on average $31.05 and women $26.92

A

-eliminating various forms of gender-based discrimination is needed to close the gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. improve access to employment insurance and create policies that make it easier for workplaces to achieve collective agreements through unionization.
A

ways to eliminate various forms of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gender-based inequity

A

non-racialized women earn 69 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

race-based inequity

A

Racialized men earn 76 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn, Racialized women earn 85 cents for every dollar non racialized women earn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gender based + race based inequity (intersectionality)

A

racialized women earn 58 cents for every dollar non-racialized men earn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

~63%

A

how much do women with a bachelor’s degree earn more than women with a highschool diploma?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

~45%

A

how much do men with a bachelor’s degree earn more than men with a highschool diploma?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gender bias in access to federal research dollars

A

reviewers selecting researchers is more at a disadvantage to women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gender identity

A

internal awareness of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gender expression

A

social expression of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cis

A

non-trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

non-binary

A

does not identify exclusively with one gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

two-spirit

A

indigenous term referring to having both a masculine and feminine spirit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gender non-confirming

A

expression of gender that transcends masculine/feminine stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gender dysphoria

A

discomfort with the disrepancy between gender identity and biological sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a women living in a high-income neighbourhood in Toronto is ___ more likely to have up-to-date screening than a recent immigrant of South Asian descent who is over 50 and doesn’t have a general practitioner

A

4x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

race

A

term for the classification of human beings into physical, biologically and genetically distinct groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

racism

A

can be defined as: a way of thinking that considers a group’s unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct, causal way to psychological or intellectual characteristics, an which on this basis distinguishes between ‘superior’ and ‘inferior’ racial groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

racialization

A

-process of constructing/constituting racial identities and meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

individual racism

A

-pre-judgment, bias, or discrimination by an individual based on race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

institutional racism

A

-policies, practices and procedures that work better for white people than for people of colour, often unintentionally or inadvertently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

structural racism

A
  • a history and current reality of institutional racism across all institutions, combining to create a system that negatively impacts communities of colour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

researchers have identified numerous pathways to health inequities related to racism

A
  • the psychological stress of living in a racist environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

healthy immigrant effect

A

an observed time path in which the health of immigrants just after migration is susbtantially better than that of comparable native-born people but worsens with additional years in the new country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

racialized immigrants and specific health conditions

A

-cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

structural problems from the report from Saskatoon Health Region about Aboriginal women being coerced into tubal ligation immediately after childbirth

A
  1. 16 Aboriginal women contacted the reviewers and seven interviews were completed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Brian Sinclair

A
  • died of treatable bladder infection in 2008 after being ignored in the emergency department
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

typical minimalist responses for race

A

-cultural competence training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

solution to inequities and disproportionate access issues or disproportionate pathologization and criminalization including methodological and political issues that make the project of cultural competence suspect for over:

A
  1. individualizing the solutions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cultural competence

A

-promotes a colour-blind mentality that eclipses the significance of institutionaled racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

unconscious bias

A

-popular approach to diversity education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

eugenics

A

the study of the agencies under social control that may may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

eugenicists

A

the sterilization and institutionalization of the mentally disabled all well as laws restricting immigration and marriage would improve public health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

house of commons debates revealed that early 20th century psychiatry propounded the belief that persons with mental disabilities

A

were undesirable immigrants because they were by nature degenerates, dangerous and dishonest in disposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

section 3 of the Immigration Act of 1910: prohibited classes

A
  1. persons mentally defective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Dr. Helen MacMurchy’s the Almosts: A study of the Feeble-Minded

A

promoted eugenic ideas that advocated for segregation and sterlization to eliminate the feeble-minded, their economic costs and their criminal threat to society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

MacMurchy

A

declared that the problem defective children could only be solved if special education and medical inspection were complemented by restricted of immigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

According to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, a foreign national is inadmissible on health grounds if their health condition is:

A

a) likely to be a danger to public health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

blood and racism - societies of sanguinities

A

key ideological term that held class, sexuality and race together was that of blood. Fostered the need to protect the purity of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

CPHA commited to a series of reforms in the following actions:

A

-will review and amend its systems and processes to eliminate those processes that could lead to racist behaviour within the Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

social accountability

A

-refers to the obligation of family medicine to meet the priority health needs of Canada’s neighbourhoods, communities, regions, and provinces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The Constitution Act 1982

A

-protects Aboriginal and treaty rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

context of indigenous health

A
  1. pre-contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

contemporary reality

A
  • disproportionate apprehension of Aboriginal children by child-welfare agencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

systemic racism

A

-when acceptance of discriminatory and prejudicial pratices is normalized across our society, in public services and institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

colonization process

A

fuelled by racist beliefs & ideas about Indigenous peoples; their ways of knowing and being, customs and practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

truth & reconciliation

A
  • first task - to understand the ‘truths’ (historically, locally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

calls to action: health

A
  1. link b/w current state of FNIM health and government policies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Self-determination

A

-indigenous people have been engaged in global self-determining efforts to have control over their institutions, resources, knowledge and information systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

UNDRIP

A

Canada ~25 years of participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Indigenous Rights

A

without discrimination:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples:

A
  1. Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals. Indigenous individuals also have the right to access, without any discrimination to all social and health services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Indigenous knowledge

A

is a central to culturally relevant exchange of health information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Indigenous scholars

A

have articulated the complex nature and importance of IK towards the culturally safe services for Indigenous populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

In the two-eyed seeing: model (p. 496), the role of IPAH is entailed as:

A
  1. researcher-community engagement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

close the gap

A

-level the gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

complete the circle

A
  • promote Indigenous-centered ways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

interventions & training

A
  • initiatives to increase the number of indigenous healthcare providers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

reflexive allyship

A

-personal commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

institutional allyship

A

-community engagement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

dish with one spoon:

A

-maintaining peaceful relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

medicine wheel:

A

-recognition of interdependency among four races of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

4 R’s of Downey Research

A
  1. reclamation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

health equity

A

defined in ways that espouse values of social justice and benevolence and is held up as an ideal state achievable by all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

public health stakeholders

A

aspire to close the gap and level of gradient to reudce inequities though the implementation of various health equity focused strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

the path of shifting towards promoting health equity

A

first: improve the conditions of daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

the historical denial of the rights of Indigenous peoples is directly linked to socioeconomic disparities, including poor health outcomes

A

in understanding the gap for health inequities towards indigenous people,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

paydshiquin

A

completing the circle; how one sees the world around us; suggests a constant, completeness and a balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

race assumes:

A

-humanity is divided into unchanging natural types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

race implies:

A

-some aspects can be related to racial origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

limitations of the traditional stigma reduction strategy for protest

A

-can increase stigmatizing attitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

limitations of the traditional stigma reduction strategy for contact

A

-only effective when face to face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

limitations of the traditional stigma reduction strategy for education

A

-less effective for individuals with greater prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

implicit bias

A
  • our unconscious attitudes towards people or groups and associated stereotypes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

upstream determinants of health

A

-governance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

downstream determinants of health (impacted by socioeconomic and political context and socioeconomic position)

A

-material circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

average life expectancy in Canada

A

84.0 years for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

average life expectancy in BC

A

84.6 years for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

average life expectany in Nunavut

A

73.4 years for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

geography of specific vulnerabilities & health risks in both rural and urban areas

A

ie. public policies that create housing insecurity intersect with racial discrimination & urban ghettoization directed towards recent immigrants of colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

climate pressures

A

-increasing temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

exposure pathways

A

-extreme heat and heatwaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

health outcomes

A

-heat stress and heat stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

extreme heat

A
  1. heat waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

natural disasters and variable rainfall

A

a) weather related natural disasters have tripled since 1960s - 60k deaths annually - mostly in low-income countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

patterns of infection

A

lengthens transmission seasons of important vector-borne disease and alters their geographic range (ie. malaria and dengue fever, malaria kills over 400K people annually- mostly children under five living in Africa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

association

A

-relationship between two random variables (statistically significant), without understanding the direction of the relationship (ie. ice cream and crime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

correlation

A

-measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables (change of one based on change of another)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

traditional hazards

A

-associated with lack of development: drinking water, sanitation, plumbing, indoor cooking etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

modern hazards

A

-associated with unsustainable development: water pollution, industry, intensive agriculture, urban air pollution, vehicular traffic, climate change, ozone changes etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

61

A

how many long-term drinking water advisories are in effect?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

441

A

how many projects are to repair, upgrade or build infrastructure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

all long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves

A

will be lifted by March 2021

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

microplastics

A

tiny particles of plastic measuring less than 5 mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degredation

A

which program was the first joint UN global initiative on climate change?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

inhalation of lead particles

A

-burning materials containing lead (recycling; stripping leaded paint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

ingestion of lead-contaminated dust

A

-water (leaded pipes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

globalization

A

processes by which nations, businesses, & people are becoming more connected & interdependent via increased economic integration & communication exchange, cultural diffusion & travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

united nations: paris climate agreement

A

aim: reduce greenhouse gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Grassy Narrows First Nation

A

made an agreement with the federal government for an on-reserve care facility which serves people in the community suffering from the effects of mercury poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

societal factors vs. societal forces

A

(ie. income and employment) help shape health and explain health inequities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

early period for social policy in canada: evolving ideology (1867 - 1930s)

A

-limited ‘state’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

middle period for social policy in canada: evolving ideology (1945 - 1970s)

A

-supported for state being more involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

neo-liberal period for social policy in canada: evolving ideology (1975 - present)

A

-reduced state involved (and provinces/municipalities expected to foot more of the bill)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

positivism in health sciences

A

-reliance on quantitative approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

SDOH discourse: 1. identify those in need

A

-assumptions that service provision will improve health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

SDOH discourse: 2. Identify modifiable risk factors

A

-assumptoms that behaviour change will improve health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

SDOH discourse: 3. living conditions shape health

A

-identify SDoH pathways - strengthens evidence base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

SDOH discourse: 4. material circumstances differ among groups

A

strengthens evidence base - forms basis for anti-discrimination efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

SDOH discourse: 5. health determined by public policy

A

attention directed at public policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

SDOH discourse: 6. SDoH distribution determined by government/societal ideology

A

structures needing modification are identified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

SDOH discourse: 7. SDoH distribution determined by who has power in society

A

focus on wealth redistribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

pluralism

A

governments adopt good policy ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

political economy

A

policies serve the ‘economic elites’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

disengaged citizenry

A

the privileged person looks at the lived reality of the less privileged and assumes that the world works for others the way it works for themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

national housing strategy

A

-cut chronic homelessness by 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

better to improve QoL for children in poverty

A

why affordable child care is important?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

Housing policy recommendations according to Raphael et. al. suggest:

A

-increasing funding of social housing programs for low-income Canadians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

Housing policy recommendations accoding to RNAO (2009) recommends:

A

-policy to reduce discrimination in rental housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

-implementation NOT impossible but requires members of society to demand policy changes in health and health equity

A

upstream: welfare & government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

when nursing duties and loyalties conflict with societal power structures and nurses blindly adhere to policies rooted in structural racism, patients are not longers the center of care

A

allyship and patient-centered care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

-engage with movements that confront oppression (ie. BLM)

A

becoming a formidable ally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

knowledge is inextricably linked to power…nurses have the capacity to both exercise and resist power, making nursing care inherently a political activity

A

knowledge as power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q
  1. dissemination
A

St.Michael’s stages of health equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

-chronic disease

A

poverty is a risk factor for many health conditions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

-adoption of health-threatening coping behaviours

A

unemployment can lead to:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

-physical and mental health problems (ie. depression, anxiety, increased suicide rates)

A

unemployment is associated with:

132
Q

Job insecurity causes

A

burnout, mental/psychological problems, poor self-rated health, variety of somatic complaints

133
Q

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

A

-guidelines set standards for responsible business conduct across a range of issues such as human rights, labour rights and the environment

134
Q

key work dimensions shaping health outcomes

A
  1. job strain
135
Q

precarious employment

A

-work is uncertain, insecure and unstable

136
Q

Historical Labour Market Transformation

A
  1. Farming/Agriculture
137
Q

Labour Market Today

A

-careers related to development of projects (ie. consultant, project management, coordinator)

138
Q

boundaryless career

A

-often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile work, netowrks and virtual communities of practice

139
Q

traditional career

A

Represents industrial work - one stop shop, first job/last job, climbing the vertical ladder

140
Q

active labour force

A

-unemployment fell to 40% low in but self-employment

141
Q

unemployment rate

A

number of people in the labour force (15-64 yrs.) actively looking for a job

142
Q

employment rate

A

employed / total labour force

143
Q

precariat

A

precarious (insecure) + proletariat (working-class)

144
Q

job security

A

enables economic + social inclusion

145
Q

income security

A

economic inclusion

146
Q

Intersectionality

A

-coined phrase in 1989

147
Q

pay gaps

A

-racialized workers earn 81.4 cents per dollar compared to non-racialized workers

148
Q

employment precarity index

A

-10 indicators measuring different components of work conditions (ie. benefits, pay for missed work, prevalence of on-call etc.

149
Q

flexible production

A

-goods produced faster and cheaper -> consequence -> people change brands more often & want latest product

150
Q

functional flexibility

A

-workers word harder and longer

151
Q

numerical flexibility

A
  • downsizing
152
Q

intensification of work

A

-leisure sickness; repititive strain injuries (ie. less visible and hard to connect to one job)

153
Q

non-standard work hours

A

long hours, physiological and psychological health disturbances, family conflict

154
Q

precarious work

A

-poorer conditions; low control; less socialization

155
Q

job insecurity

A

-associations b/w illness and downsizing; family dynamics and parenting

156
Q

employment insecurity

A

-stress of no employment options

157
Q

income insecurity

A

-income inadequacy (poverty) associated with ill health (ie. depression)

158
Q

employment insecurity that impacts populations

A

-women

159
Q

key dimensions of a ‘good’ job

A
  1. secure
160
Q

job strain

A

person’s autonomy over their work and their ability to use their skills are low, while the psychologica demands placed upon them are high

161
Q

effort-reward imbalance

A

-importance of rewards being in line with the demands (ie. time pressures, interruptions, responsibility, pressure to work overtime). When efforts are perceived to be higher than rewards, this leads to emotional distress

162
Q

organizational justice

A

reflects the extent to which people believe that their supervisor considers their viewpoints, shares info concerning decision making and treats individuals fairly

163
Q

work hours

A

-number of hours usually worked

164
Q

status inconsistency (“goal-striving”)

A

refers to a situation where an individual’s level of education is higher than skills he or she requires for the occupation.

165
Q

Work and health what should be done

A
  1. research and education (more KT)
166
Q

policy and legislation

A

-increased minimum wage

167
Q

policy implications

A

-support working life so demands and rewards are balanced

168
Q

according to Nadine Burke Harris’ ted talk “how childhood trauma affects health accross a lifetime (Tedtalk)

A

adverse childhood experiences study

169
Q

structural determinants: social determinants of health inequities

A
  1. governance
170
Q

intermediary determinants: social determinants of health

A
  1. material circumstances
171
Q

53% of Canadian population has post-secondary education

A

children whose parents do not have post-secondary education perform worse than children of more educated parents

172
Q

high quality Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC)

A

-important for the growth, development and health of a child

173
Q

ECEC Policy Goal ONE

A

enhancing children’s well-being, healthy development and lifelong learning (ie. quality matters (well-educated staff, size etc.)

174
Q

ECEC Policy Goal TWO

A

supporting parents in education, training and employment

175
Q

ECEC Policy Goal THREE

A

strong communities

176
Q

ECEC Policy Goal FOUR

A

providing equity

177
Q

High Quality ECEC should have (Goal 1):

A
  • low staff: child ratios
178
Q

ECEC: Canadian Context

A

-responsibility for early education is primarily provincial/territorial

179
Q

Critiques of ECEC

A
  • no systematic/integrated/universal approach - ‘tangle of programs’
180
Q

Canada’s response to the critiques of ECEC

A
  • Government of Canada to provide provinces and territories with $1.2 B for early learning and child care programs
181
Q

EarlyON centres

A

-offers free, high-quality drop-in programs for families and children from birth to 6 years old.

182
Q

Impact of provincial election on ECEC

A

Cancelled: $50 million fund meant to help child care centres cover costs for parents

183
Q

Early Childhood Education Report Benchmarks of Quality

A
  1. Governance
184
Q

ECEC learning environment in Nunavut:

A
  • In Septemer 2017, Nunavut signed a 3 year, $7 million bilateral agreement with the federal government as part of the Federal-Provincial Territorial Early Childhood Learning and Care Agreement (ECLC)
185
Q

Effects of COVID on ECEC

A

-school and child care center closures have been difficult for parents

186
Q

ECLC Critique

A

-remains an inconsistent pathwork of policies and programs

187
Q

-the quality of early child development is shaped by economic and social resources available to parents, which is primarily through employment

A

Why study early childhood development?

188
Q
  1. political economy
A

bartley typology

189
Q

c. cumulative effects

A

early childhood experiences

190
Q

latency effects

A

-Early childhood experiences predispose children to either good or poor health regardless of later life circumstances

191
Q

pathway effects

A

-a situation when children’s exposures to risk factors at one point do not have immediate health effects but later lead to situations that do have health consequences

192
Q

cumulative effects

A

-the longer children live under conditions of material and social deprivation, the more likely they are to show adverse health and developmental outcomes.

193
Q

EDI (early development instrument)

A

-physical health and well-being; social competence; emotional maturity; language and cognition; communication skills and general knowledge

194
Q

An unfair start: inequality in Children’s education in rich countries

A

countries with higher average achievement tend to have lower levels of inequality in children’s reading scores.

195
Q

Drivers of Educational Inequality

A
  1. parental education: lower = lower preschool attendance and less post-secondary education
196
Q

Global Goals for Sustainable Development

A

by 2030, ensure all girls and boys complete free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

197
Q

Canada ranks 9th for the inequality in children’s education in rich countries

A

preschool rank #27

198
Q

an unfair start: inequality in children’s education in rich countries

A

-the average dual-income families in wealthy nations spend approx. 15% of their net income on childcare.

199
Q

% of children on different tracks by parental occupation

A

-children in families with higher status jobs are more likely to achieve well

200
Q

what can Canada do for improving education services?

A
  1. improve services - focus on quality
201
Q

who has the responsibility to ensure healthy diets for Canadians? (ie. high-fiber, fresh produce, low-processed foods)

A

governments

202
Q

food insecurity

A

inability to access adequate food because of financial constraints

203
Q

criteria that suggests some level of food insecurity:

A

-worry about not having enough food

204
Q

food-insecure households

A

65% reported their main source of income as wages or salaries from employment

205
Q

Hunger can infiltrate a family in many ways including:

A
  • the birth of a child
206
Q

marginal HFI

A

concerned about running out of food and limitations to food variety

207
Q

moderate HFI

A

inadequate quality or quantity of foods

208
Q

severe HFI

A

reduced food intake or disrupted eating

209
Q

as HFI severity increases, the risk of the following increase:

A

-depression and anxiety disorders

210
Q

food insecurity can lead to:

A

-hunger

211
Q

-multiple chronic conditions

A

adults living with HFI experience higher rates of the following physical health complications:

212
Q

Childhood HFI effects on health

A

-hyperactivity

213
Q

Childhood HFI effects on health for adolescence and early adulthood

A

-asthma

214
Q

one in eight households in Canada is food insecure =

A

4.4 million people (incl. more than 1.2 million children)

215
Q

78.7% of the children in Nunavut

A

live in food-insecure households

216
Q

2.Quebec (11.1%)

A

Who has the highest prevalence of food insecurity and who has the lowest?

217
Q

Indigenous or black people

A

the highest rates of food insecurity are found among households where individuals identified as indigenous or black

218
Q
  • food charity does NOT move people out of food insecurity
A

food banks

219
Q

Required policy to address HFI

A
  1. income-based policies and interventions
220
Q

seed sowing

A

-food insecurity within diverse indigenous contexts, should not be narrowly defined as having enough to eat or sufficient household funds to purchase processed foods that may be more accessible.

221
Q
  1. centre indigenous peoples and indigenous knowledges in these opportunities
A

policy examples to support Seed Sowing:

222
Q

food insecurity:

A
  • an income problem
223
Q

-adequacy

A

core housing needs must include

224
Q

only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100%

A

which is assessed for ‘core housing need’ under Stats Canada?

225
Q

Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school

A

which is not considered to be in Core housing need regardless of their housing circumstances

226
Q

attending school

A

what is considered a transitional phase?

227
Q

low-incomes earned by student households

A

what is viewed as being a temporary condition?

228
Q
  • 27% of renters are in core housing need
A

who is in core housing need?

229
Q

-nunavut

A

who are special populations that need core housing?

230
Q

core housing need: affordability

A

housing is affordable when its costs are less than 30% of the household’s gross income

231
Q

core housing need: suitability

A

housing is suitable when there are enough bedrooms for the number and makeup of household members as measured by the National Occupancy Standard (NOS)

232
Q

core housing need: adequacy

A

housing is adequate when it is not in need of major repairs to plumbing, structure, electrical or any other integral system

233
Q

right to housing is:

A

-the right to live somewhere in security, peace and dignity

234
Q

housing crisis:

A

the centralized waiting list for subsidized housing the City of Toronto

235
Q

core housing need

A

if housing falls below one of the adequaacy, affordabiltiy or suitability standards & it would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay median rent of alternative local housing

236
Q

Low Income Cut-Off (LICO)

A

-income thresholds below which a family will devote a larger share of its income on necessities of food, shelter and clothing

237
Q

homelessness

A

the situation of an individual, family, or community without stable, safe, permanent, appropriate housing.

238
Q

precarious housing

A

a person who lives in temporary household & is at risk for becoming homeless

239
Q

housing-food dichotomy

A

for people living on low-income housing, payments often have priority over food purchases

240
Q

for housing policy recommendations, Raphael et. al., (2020) suggest:

A
  • increasing funding of social housing programs for low-income Canadians
241
Q

for housing policy recommendations, RNAO (2009) recommends:

A

-policy to reduce discrimination in rental housing

242
Q

Canada-Ontario Housing Benefit (COHB)

A

-pays the difference b/w 30 % of the household’s income and the average market rent in the area.

243
Q

priority is given to the following groups:

A

-survivors of domestic violence and human trafficking

244
Q

housing and health

A

in general: higher rates of morbidity/mortality for many infections/diseases are associated with housing insecurity (ie. bloodborne infections, mental health challenges, respiratory infections, chronic diseases, etc.)

245
Q

housing insecurity and health

A

-inequities tend to be clustered

246
Q

1 in 8 households

A

how many households in Canada live in food poverty

247
Q

which households are most vulnerable to food insecurity?

A

-1 in 6 Canadian children under the age of 18 is affected by household food insecurity.

248
Q

most (60.4%) households are reliant on social assistance in Canada are food-insecure

A
  • a quarter are severly food-insecure
249
Q

premature mortality

A

among the most serious health consequences of food insecurity, adults experiencing food insecurity are more likely to die prematurely than their food-secure counterparts

250
Q
  1. enhancing indigenous food sovereignity practices towards community wellbeing
A

indigenous leadership can enhance community efforts to transform shared social spaces, build environments and ecological climates by:

251
Q

that we believe everyone in Ontario has the right to live poverty-free and with dignity in housing that is stable, adequate, equitably accessible and affordable”

A

RNAO endorses the Housing Network of Ontario’s declaration built on the foundation

252
Q

ontario’s affordable housing strategy

A

1) affordability of housing

253
Q

gender mainstreaming (video from European Institute for Gender Equality)

A

-brings a gender perspective into each phase of policy development (ie. sports, education and energy)

254
Q

cyclic phases of gender mainstreaming (video from European Institute for Gender Equality)

A
  1. define
255
Q

23%

A

the % of nursing staff in Canada represent mirror the overall immigrant population in canada (gender guest lecture)

256
Q

immigrant workers generally experienced downward occupational mobility upon migrating to Canada (kimberle crenshaw video)

A
  • gender roles as wives
257
Q

nursing is like a cappucinno (gender guest lecture)

A

-more white people at the top

258
Q

86%

A

According to stats canada data, ___% of women make up the majority of healthcare aids

259
Q

Blacks and Latinos

A

which demographics are more likely to experience the disparity in infectious disease rate pertaining to COVID?

260
Q

Black Canadians

A

which demographic is more likely to work as PSWs and healthcare aides rather than managers which will decrease their chances of disease infection?

261
Q

In an analysis I did for the Statistics Canada Canadian Mental Survey,

A

We found they had higher education but they were earning about $10,000 on average less than the non-immigrants.

262
Q

intersectional analysis helps analyze what gaps in policy exist and how we can bridge the gaps in policy and promote some multidisciplinary work in that nature

A

policymaking has always had a silo nature, in which each policy in different topics will solely focus on their scope of the field, to counter this…

263
Q

-women work fewer hours than men and their hourly wages are only 87% of wages of men.

A

women experience more adverse social determinants of health than men because…

264
Q

because of the lack of affordable childcare services and women’s generally lower wages

A

single mothers are especially at high risk of entering poverty…

265
Q

are more prone to anti-social behaviours and criminal offences than women

A

young males who experience disadvantages in the forms of poverty and low educational attainment and unemployment…

266
Q

policy implications for gender:

A

-improving and enforcing pay equity legislation would improve the employment and economic situation of Canadian women

267
Q

18.50%

A

The gender wage gap in percentage in Canada is ___ %

268
Q

and this number is expected to increase significantly over the coming decades

A

at present, 1/5 of the Canadian population identifies as a visible minority,

269
Q

-immigrants as a group have better health than their Canadian-born counterparts due to be super resourceful

A

healthy immigrant effect

270
Q

result is due to a higher level of poverty and material deprivation that exacerbates income and other inequalities rooted in racial discrimination, which is especially relevant as most recent immigrants are people of colour

A

immigrants who have equivalent or higher educational credentials, are precariously employed as compared ot their Canadian-born counterparts

271
Q

food insecurity and core housing need increase vulnerability to disease:

A

-during both childhood and adulthood.

272
Q

findings have implications for the health of Canadians:

A
  1. immigrants need access to well-paying jobs
273
Q

to report a deterioration in health

A

Non-european immigrants are more likely than Canadian born:

274
Q

29.60%

A

___% of canadian foreign born from anglo-saxon nations that are in-work poverty

275
Q

South Asians, Chinese, and Black

A

largest groups in Canada for visible minorities

276
Q

-de-humanization

A

personally-mediated racism is prejudice and discrimination and manifests as:

277
Q
  1. degradation of ecosystems
A

Nancy Krieger identifies six pathways by which racism harms health of which three are especially relevant to all racialized groups in Canada and the fourth to Indigenous:

278
Q

as well as lower incomes than Canadians of European descent

A

Racialized Canadians across Canada experience lower labour participation rates and higher unemployment

279
Q

-indigenous populations

A

In Canada, people at risk for mental problems are:

280
Q

social exclusion

A

refers to specific groups being denied the opportunity to participate in Canadian life

281
Q

economic exclusion

A

is when individuals cannot access economic resources and opportunities such as participation in paid work

282
Q

leading to adult-onset diabetes and a range of other chronic diseases such as respiratory and CVD

A

marginalization and exclusion of individuals and communities from mainstream society constitute a primary factor,

283
Q

Canadians of colour and recent immigrants

A

the quality of jobs is increasingly stratified along racial lines with a disproportionate proportion of low-income sector employment being taken by…

284
Q
  • NorthWest and East of Toronto are the hardest hit by diabetes
A

poverty, visible minorities and diabetes seem to overlap in Toronto

285
Q

the risk of limiting the understanding of lived experience as mere points of data, perpetuating the risks of being used for quotas or tokenism or to advance racist scientific ideas that falsely equate race with genetic variation.

A

Demands for equity data are always at risk of being reduced to statistics connected to ideas about impartiality or objectivity about race, which undermine our appreciations of race, racism and racialization as socially, historically, and politically constituted

286
Q

The viral aspects of inequity data persist with a similar gait and might benefit from an integration of knowledge that appreciates complexities and the risks to life associated with prevailing inequity.

A

-pertain not only to the biological or natural, but also to the viral discourse of social media where misinformation is propagated and based on erasure, omission, and narratives used to rationalize the injustice of victims.

287
Q

defined in ways that espouse values of social justice and benevolence and is held up as an ideal state achievable by all.

A

Health equity

288
Q

that a connection to the land is an imperative determinant of Yellowknives Dene First Nation (YKDFN) health.

A

the overall emerging theme in the Lines et. al. article was…

289
Q

in the Lines et. al., what is considered alongside the structural determinants in Aboriginal health research?

A

Relationships, interconnectivity, and community are fundamental to the structural determinants (history, political climate, and social contexts).

290
Q

a community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodology through an Indigenous research lens. CBPR is a collaboration between researchers and community participants through sharing knowledge and relevant lived experiences to promote social change

A

which method was used in lines et. al.’s study with YKDFN youth?

291
Q

Indigenous methodology is based on:

A

-relationality and is best carried out by an Indigenous researcher who carries forward these lifelong relationships

292
Q

The YKDFN youth emphasized the importance of:

A

-building YKDFN culture, community relations, and traditional knowledge transfer through a connection to the land to increase positive health outcomes.

293
Q

Beyond 94 Calls to Action Status: “Not started”

A

Calls to Action in which no action plan has been developed and/or no funds have been committed, to implement the Call to Action.

294
Q

Beyond 94 Calls to Action Status: “In Progress — Projects proposed”

A

refers to Calls to Action in which the relevant parties involved have either committed to an action plan or funding, but not yet followed through with it.

295
Q

Beyond 94 Calls to Action Status: “In Progress — Projects underway”

A

refers to Calls to Action in which the relevant parties involved are actively working towards implementing that call, with both a timeline and (where needed) the funding to make it happen.

296
Q

Beyond 94 Calls to Action Status: Complete

A

refers to Calls to Action which have been fully implemented.

297
Q

1996

A

what year did the last residential school close?

298
Q
  1. other types of environmental contamination that shape health
A

public policy regulations concerning environmental protections and urban planning determine:

299
Q

higher for ‘remote’ and ‘very remote’ areas, especially for males

A

death rates from treatble diseases are related to geographical remoteness, with rates significantly:

300
Q

re-regulate finance, up to and including bank nationalizations:

A

-restore rules that separate commercial from investment banking

301
Q

reject austerity (fiscal contraction of government expenditures):

A

-challenge neoliberal economic policies on empirical, theoretical and ethical grounds

302
Q

increase progressive taxation (increase corporate taxesm, marginal income tax rates, capital gains, and impose a wealth tax):

A

-close loopholes allowing tax evasion/avoidance

303
Q

climate sensitive health risks:

A

-injury and mortality

304
Q

the world must limit temperature rise to 1.5°C.

A

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that to avert catastrophic health impacts and prevent millions of climate change-related deaths,

305
Q

exposure pathways from vulnerability to climate change:

A

-extreme weather events

306
Q

vulnerability factors:

A
  • demographic factors
307
Q

health system capacity & resilience

A
  • leadership and governance
308
Q

(ie. clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter.)

A

climate change affects which determinants of health?

309
Q

Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year,

A

from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress.

310
Q

The direct damage costs to health

A

(i.e. excluding costs in health-determining sectors such as agriculture and water and sanitation), is estimated to be between USD 2-4 billion/year by 2030.

311
Q

Areas with weak health infrastructure - mostly in developing countries:

A
  • will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond.
312
Q

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases through:

A

-better transport

313
Q

The risk from infectious diseases comprises two aspects:

A
  1. likelihood of exposure
314
Q

According to the article by Ogden and Gachon, climate change will likely drive…

A

the emergence of infectious diseases (ie. tickborne diseases, malaria, dengue, West Nile and foodborne illnesses) in Canada by northward spread from the US and introduction from elsewhere in the world via air and sea transport.

315
Q

an aging population affected by chronic diseases

A

risk will be compounded for greater sensitivity to infectious diseases due to:

316
Q

three types of water advisories:

A
  1. boil water advisories (most common)
317
Q
  1. operator’s training and certifications (20%)
A

Reserves water system assesment according to the government:

318
Q

three broad approaches to reduce health inequities:

A
  1. targeted programmes for disadvantaged populations
319
Q

Three key strategic directions for policy work to tackle the SDH:

A
  1. need for strategies to address context.
320
Q

globalization environment

A

according to the framework for tackling SDH inequities, Policies on stratification to reduce inequalities, mitigate effects of stratification fall under…

321
Q

macro level: public policies

A

according to the framework for tackling SDH inequities, Policies to reduce exposures of disadvantaged people to health-damaging factors fall under…

322
Q

mesa level: community

A

according to the framework for tackling SDH inequities, policies to reduce vulnerabilities of disadvantaged people…

323
Q

micro level: individual interaction

A

according to the framework for tackling SDH inequities, Policies to reduce unequal consequences of illness in social, economic and health terms…

324
Q

social democratic welfare states:

A
  • primary aim: emphasize universal welfare rights and provide generous entitlements and benegits
325
Q

liberal welfare states

A

-primary aim: strengthen the economy

Social Determinants of Health (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions