Unit 8A Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
-energizing behavior
Instinct
A complex behavior that is Rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
-complex behavior that is unlearned
Drive-reduction theory
The idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
-psychological need creates a drive that motivates organism to satisfy need.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
-balanced internal state
Incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
- or - stimulus to motivate.
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
- maslows pyramid
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.
- lower level = hunger
- form of sugar that circulates in blood
Set point
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
-where weight is set (falls behind = hunger)
Basal metabolic rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person (usually a teen girl) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
- 15% below weight and continuing to diet
Bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
- overeating and then over exercising, fasting, laxatives or vomiting
Binge-eating disorder
Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
- overeating and then feeling guilt
Sexual response cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson– excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
-the four stages of sexual response
Refractory period
A resting period after organ, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
-resting period for men
Estrogens
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
-sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by females
