7B

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

-creating concepts/ thinking

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

• metal grouping

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories.

• matching new item to other I.e feather creature to bird like a robin

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

A methodical, logical rule of procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

• contrasts with use of heuristics

Question 5

Heuristic

Answer 5

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error probe than algorithms.

-simple thinking strategy

Question 6

Insight

Answer 6

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions.

-novel realization

Question 7

Creativity

Answer 7

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

-produce valuable ideas.

Question 8

Confirmation bias

Answer 8

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

Search info that support out idea

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.

-unable to see problem from different perspective.

Question 10

Mental set

Answer 10

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.

-approach a problem based on experience

Question 11

Functional fixedness

Answer 11

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.

-Think in terms of usual function.

Question 12

Representative heuristic

Answer 12

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.

-judge based on stereotypes

Question 13

Availability heuristic

Answer 13

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of vividness), we presume such events are common.

-Estimating likelihood based on amount I memory.

Question 14

Overconfidence

Answer 14

The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements.

-more confident than correct

Question 15

Belief perseverance

Answer 15

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

-clinging to initial belief

Question 16

Intuition

Answer 16

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.

• immediate feeling or thought

Question 17

Framing

Answer 17

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.

• way issue is posed

Question 18

Language

Answer 18

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.

-spoken words to communicate

Question 19

Phoneme

Answer 19

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.

-smallest sound unit.

Question 20

Morpheme

Answer 20

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word.

-prefix

Question 21

Grammar

Answer 21

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.

-System of rules in language

Question 22

Semantics

Answer 22

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.

-study of meaning

Question 23

Syntax

Answer 23

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.

-combining words

Question 24

Babbling stage

Answer 24

Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.

-babies babbling

Question 25

One word stage

Answer 25

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.

-stage where only single words are spoken.

Question 26

Two word stage

Answer 26

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements.

-child speaking two word statements

Question 27

Telegraphic speech

Answer 27

Early speech stage which a child speak like a telegram -“go car”- using mostly nouns an verbs.

-speech like telegram (go car)

Question 28

Linguistic determinism

Answer 28

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think.

-language determines thoughts