Unit 8.3 Flashcards
What are the conditions of the just war theory?(7 points)
1) Must be a last resort
2) Must be for a just cause
3) Must be fought for a lawful authority
4) Must be fought to bring about good
5) Must only attack legitimate targets
6) Only necessary force must be used
7) Must be a reasonable chance of success
The Just War theory does work(3 points)
- it only attacks legitimate targets ∴ no civilians, so fair
- must be declared by a lawful authority, e.g. UN, government, ∴ no sneaky attacks before declaration of war
- must be for a good cause ∴ not a dictator trying to get moe land, so only wars that benefit people will happen
The Just War theory does not work(3 points)
- must be for a good cause ➯ Catholic Bishops in America say for a ‘real and certain danger’, but you may not know how dangerous it is, i.e. America thought WMD in Iraq, but not actually there
- must be reasonable chance of success. Doesn’t work, i.e. Vietnam, as you cant tell. Factors may change
- must be a last resort, but this not always best. I.e. WWII
Why do wars occur?(general, 4 points)
- natural disaster causes scarcity of resources ➯ War in Darfur caused by people moving onto others’ land due to lack of water
- cultural/ethnic differences, e.g. Rwandan genocide
- political differences, e.g. Afghanistan monarchy ➯ communism ➯ democracy, caused conflict
- protection, e.g. UK in WWII
Explain the causes of one particular war(4 points)
Darfur, Somalia:
• drought- nomadic people moved on to others’ land due to scarcity of resources
• ethnic disputes- gov accused of a bias towards arabs
• remote- when external help came the conflict was already large
• conflict in Sudan as whole- Liberation Movement tried to make S Sudan free ∴ gov v aggressive and harsh
How does the UN promote peace?(4 points)
- uses celebrities e.g. Jay-Z’s clean water campaign ∴ youth more aware
- UN peacekeepers, e.g. In Burundi intervened so elections could take place ∴ conflicts shorter, fewer die
- organises peace negotiations, e.g. Talks w Greece and Turkey over Cyprus ∴ reduces need for war
- campaigns for disarmament, e.g. Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ∴ fewer die, as countries have less arms
How did the UN promote peace in one particular circumstance?(4 points)
Kosovo
• 1990 UN took control to give people their protection
• offered protection to people of Kosovo allowing refugees to feel as if they were able to return home
• Helped Kosovar people set up political parties, and held elections
• helped put in place an education system
• stopped Kosovar militia from entering Serbian Communities to prevent revenge attacks
Why do some Christians support war?(4 points)
- necessary evil, but Just War theory means that it will only happen in good cases
- Jesus shows that Christians should stand up for what they believe in “he overturned the tables of the money lenders and the seats of those who sold pigeons”
- St. Paul said to follow governing body’s orders “everyone must obey state authorities… no authority exists without god’s permission”
- Some go to war e.g. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, for greater good
Why do some Christians not support war?(4 points)
- Jesus seemed to be pacifist “blessed are the peacemakers”
- many Christians are pacifists e.g. Quakers i.e. Burt Brocklesby, Martin Luther King
- Quaker church opposes it, “Quakers in Britain have always opposed the use of violence in any form”
- Bible teaches against violence, “you shalt not kill”
Why do some Muslims support war?(4 points)
- Prophet Muhammed fought, e.g. Battle of Badr, divine intervention
- Qur’an says so “fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress the limits”
- Only certain reasons for Muslim to go to war(Lesser Jihad), e.g. When attacked, strength Islam ∴ in these cases Holy War, so Muslim’s duty to go to war
- there are conditions, e.g. Must end in surrender, don’t kill civilians ∴ if these fulfilled, ware will be Ok, as brings about good
Why do some Muslims not support war?(4 points)
- Islam means peace- Ruqaiyyah Maqsood “One meaning of the word islam is peace… no true Muslim can possible regard war as a good thing”
- weapons now so powerful, e.g. Nuclear ∴ will not be able to follow rules for war
- Muslim Peace fellowship try tp find peaceful solutions “whatever act of violence has taken place, we deplore it”
- Muslims should be against terrorists, ∴ by fighting them it can only cause more violence
How does the Ecumenical Accompaniment in Palestine and Israel help promote world peace?(4 points)
- accompany people in disputed zones, e.g. Ann Wright helped 2 uni lecturers get to work ∴ provides protection to innocent people
- report human rights abuses, so abused can seek justice
- work with local orgs, e.g. ADALAH, so peace is more achievable
- connected with local communities, “when people come..and drink tea with me and listen, it gives me the power to stay” ∴ understanding their struggles increases their motivation for change
How does Islamic Relief help promote world peace?(4 points)
- educates people, eg. Trains teachers ∴ less likely to want war
- health programs, e.g. Ambulances in conflict areas, so fewer die from conflict
- help refugees, e.g. Provided 1,300 syrian refugees with psychological support ∴ suffer less effects of war
- provides food, e.g. Opened food banks in Niger, so fewer casualties
How do Quakers help promote world peace?(4 points)
- campaign for nuclear disarmament, e.g. Wrote to foreign secretary Oct 2016
- tackle root causes, e.g. Try to bring about peace at local, national and international level ∴ preventing future conflicts
- promote peace-building in foreign policy, e.g. Attended labour, Cons and SNP conferences last year
- Quaker Peace Education promotes education rooted in peace and justice, so changes children’s attitudes to war
Why does bullying happen?(2 points)
- bully may be victim in another sphere, and feel need to assert power
- often problems in their life also
