Unit 8.2

Question 1

What are some of the solutions for global warming?

Answer 1

• invest in renewable technologies e.g. Wind and wave power, to cut emissions
• reduce air and car travel
• reduce use of fossil fuels
• reduce deforestation
• use low carbon or electric cars

Question 2

What are the different forms of pollution?

Answer 2

• land 90% of electrical waste goes to landfills, 15m tonnes of paper waste each year
• air causes 2000 deaths a year in UK. Cars emit pollutants, including CO and nitrous oxides. Power stations release high levels of SO2
• waste billions of tonnes dumped each day to rot, giving off toxic gases. Spreads disease, takes up space
• water chemical pollution from factories gets into water. 8m pieces of litter go into ocean each day. Sewage and radioactive waste have been discharged into sea.

Question 3

What are some of the solutions for pollution?

Answer 3

• buy second hand, or reusable items
• recycle
• walk/ride bike when possible
• eat more local food
• use renewable energy

Question 4

What are renewable resources?

Answer 4

Can be used over and over agin, often w little or no pollution.
E.g. Wind, waves, solar, soft woods(although may not be sustainable, as 2000 cut down per min, and take 60 yrs to grow back)

Question 5

What are some of the solutions for natural resources?

Answer 5

• replace as many resources as possible
• sustainable living
• be less consumerist so we use up fewer resources
• conservation work is happening w fishing stock, e.g. gov quotes imposed

Question 6

What are Christian teachings on stewardship?

Answer 6

• “then the Lord God placed the man in the Garden of Eden to cultivate it and guard it” : Christian have responsibility to care for environment
• “God looked at everything he had made, and he was very pleased” planet’s owner is God, so we must not destroy his creation
• we shouldn’t risk god’s anger ‘i brought them into my fertile land…they made my property disguising” ∴ we should look after god’s earth for fut generations so we’ll be judged well
• Parable of the gold coins, responsibility to hand over earth in better state, look after future of earth

Question 7

What are Muslim teachings on stewardship?

Answer 7

• “Live in the world as if you were going to live forever” protects resources so they don’t run out
• “eat and drink, but do not waste by being greedy, for Allah does not love wasters” take just what you need, don’t waste
• “Do Allah’s work according to the pattern He set out for mankind” Allah made earth this way for a reason, we shouldn’t change it, e.g. By fracking
• “It is He who has made you His agents…So He may test you in the way you use the gifts He has given you” Allah wants to see if we will waste the resources he has given us

Question 8

What is Khalifah?

Answer 8

A deputy for Allah who looks after his creation. ∴ we should look after Earth for future gens

Question 9

What is Ummah?

Answer 9

Islamic community who protect each other and treat each other with respect. ∴ we should look after environment as it will benefit others

Question 10

What is Tawhid?

Answer 10

Belief in one God who created the universe ∴ we should protect it as God made it

Question 11

What is Akhirah?

Answer 11

Belief of life after death where each person will be judged ∴ we should act well as Allah will judge us on how we treated his creation.

Question 12

What is IVF?

Answer 12

Hormones give to stimulate egg production. Eggs taken and out with sperm in Petri dish. When egg is fertilised, and has 8 cells, up to 3 placed in uterus.

Question 13

What is embryo donation?

Answer 13

Both egg and sperm provided by anonymous donors, fertilised in Petri dish, and put in mother’s womb

Question 14

What is egg donation?

Answer 14

Partner’s sperm used to fertilise donated egg, before being placed in mother’s womb.

Question 15

What is AIH or AID?

Answer 15

Husband or donor sperm placed directly into uterus to avoid cervical mucus

Question 16

What is surrogacy?

Answer 16

When a woman will agree to carry a baby for another woman. Can involve surrogate mother’s egg or mother’s egg. Baby handed over at birth.

Question 17

Why should some people perhaps not be able to have fertility treatment?

Answer 17

• prisoners are in prisoner to deter others, so we should withhold some rights
• may not be fit to bring up children, e.g. Alcoholics, drug users
• may be v old, e.g. Woman in India had baby via IVF at age 72

Question 18

What are some health risks associated with fertility treatment?

Answer 18

Ectopic pregnancy, multiple births, hot flushes

Question 19

Why do some Christians support fertility treatment?

Answer 19

• everybody has right to biological child “you are all one in Jesus Christ” God created us all equal
• Jesus healed people, e.g. Lepers, and this is just a modern form of treatment
• God wants us to have children “be fruitful and multiply”
• cases in bible of God giving infertile women children, e.g. Sarah or Elizabeth

Question 20

Why do some Christians not support fertility treatment?

Answer 20

• God made us this way for a reason “I know i have plans for you…plans to prosper you and not to harm you”
• some forms, I.e. IVF destroy embryos, which is murder to RCC
• types involving masturbation, e.g. AID are bad, as Onam put to death for “spelling his semen on the ground”
• only God has power over fertility, we shouldn’t change this “who can straighten what he made crooked”

Question 21

Why do some Muslim support fertility treatment?

Answer 21

• seen as an illness “There is no disease that Allah has sent down except that he has also sent down its treatment”
• embryonic destruction is acceptable, as ensoulment happens 120 days afterwords
• child reeling imp family commitment as helps keep fam together and role of women strongly linked w chi;d rearing ∴ if so imp important that we help it to happen
• All people are equal, so all have right to child “As for those who lead a righteous life, male or female, while believing, they enter Paradise; without the slightest injustice.”

Question 22

Why do some Muslims not support fertility treatment?

Answer 22

• Allah has a plan for us all “he creates what he wills and leaves barren who he wills”
• adoption encouraged, e.g. Muhammed was an adopted orphan
• if involves 3rd person adultery(Zina)- punished by stoning in Sharia law
• surrogate upsets lineage, as violates marriage contract

Question 23

What are some issues with organ donation?

Answer 23

Who should receive it first?
Should we get organs from animals?
Do state executed prisoners have the right to decide what happens to their organs?
If organs are paid for, a black market could arise, where poorer people just sell their organs for money.

Question 24

Why may some Christians support organ donation?

Answer 24

• only resurrected in spirit “from dust you are and to dust you will return” ∴ body not needed
• RCC approves “a particularly praiseworthy example of such gestures is the donation of organs”
• you would appreciate it if you were in that position “do to others as you would have them do to you”. Brings life out of death
• Christianity tells importance of sacrifice “I myself can say that you would have taken out your own eyes, if you could, and given them to me” ∴ we can help others by sacrificing or organs

Question 25

Why may some Christians only support living organ donation?

Answer 25

• less risk of exploitation if from a family member
➯ WHO estimates 10,00 black market donations a year
• Jesus taught us to help our Neighbour “Whoever had two shirts must give one to the man who has none” Luke 3:11

Question 26

Why may some Christians not support organ donation?

Answer 26

• we will be resurrected bodily “We believe in the true resurrection of this flesh we now posses” CCC
• we must not interfere with god’s plan “before I made you I the womb I knew you”
• all created by god: “so god created mankind in his own image” ∴ don’t interfere w his creation

Question 27

Why may some Muslims support organ donation?

Answer 27

• it is a Muslim’s duty to save life “Whoever saves the life of one person, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind”
• Islam supports acts of charity “You cannot attain to righteousness unless you spend (in charity) out of what you love.”
• cures life-threatening diseases, e.g. Cornea grafting cures blindness. “There is no disease that allah has sent down expect that he has also sent down its treatment”

Question 28

Why may some Muslims not support organ donation?

Answer 28

• we will be resurrected bodily “Thereof (the earth) We created you, and into it We shall return you”
• our body is Allan’s creation, we should not harm it “Does man think that we[Allah] shall not assemble his bones?…We are able to restore even his finger-tips”
• it can be unethical, e.g. WHO estimates 10,000 black market donations are carried out a year

Question 29

What is the state of organ donation for muslims at the moment?

Answer 29

• living donation permitted as long as doesn’t harm life
• can’t sell organs as degrades human body
• 1996 muslim council issued fatwa allowing muslims to carry a donor card and have transplants

Question 30

What do christians think about the environment? (Issy’s new notes)

Answer 30

• gift from god: “God looked at everything he had made and he was very pleased” ∴ since god wanted us to enjoy his creation we must protect it
• don’t want to risk god’s judgement. Will be judged how they treated god’s world (sheep+goats) ∴ bible shows god not pleased when we don’t look after his world so to be saved we must care for the environment
• stewardship imp “a good man leaves an inheritance for his children’s children” Parable of gold coins; we should leave things Ina. Better state than we found them, and look after them well for people ∴ we must been earth in good state for future gens
• church teachings support it. pope Ben XVI “care of water resources and attention to climate change are matters of grave importance for the entire human family” ∴ should follow church as can for env

Question 31

What do Muslims think about the environment?

Answer 31

• all parts of allah’s creation in unity w each other “the herbs and the trees- both alike bow in adoration” ∴ muslims must work to preserve this unity which includes taking care of env
• stewardship imp “live in the world as if you were going to live forever”, Khalifah ∴ muslims must be good stewards to be judged well and go to paradise
• Muslim Declaration on Nature ➯ Muslims must acre for planet “we are god’s stewards and agents on earth. We are not masters of this earth” ∴ since source of authority for muslims they should follow this
• Ummah ∴ responsibility to care for env for future gens. African Muslim Environmental Network (AMEN) believes caring for env will help plight of poorest in africa ∴ since caring for env helps people now and in future must be done bc Ummah