Unit 8.1 CGH

Question 1

CGH meaning?

Answer 1

Comparative Genomic Hybridisation

Question 2

subset of FISH, derived from FISH

Answer 2

CGH

CGH is meant for unbalanced genetic aberrations

Question 3

CNV meaning?

Answer 3

Copy-number variations

Question 4

alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA

Answer 4

Copy-number Variations (CNVs)

Question 5

Large regions of the genome have been deleted (fewer than the normal number) or duplicated (more than the normal number) on certain chromosomes

Answer 5

Copy-number variations (CNVs)

Question 6

the most common change seen in malignancies

Answer 6

Amplification

Question 7

provides an approach to associate an aberration with a disease phenotype and localising critical genes-Biomarkers

Answer 7

Detection and mapping

provided by FISH

Question 8

CMA meaning?

Answer 8

Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)

Question 9

molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes (gains/losses) in the DNA content of the a given subject’s DNA and often in tumor cells.

Answer 9

CGH or CMA

Question 10

CGH or CMA is first described in 1993 by?

Answer 10

Kallioniemi et al.

Question 11

DNA from subject what and from control what (reference) are labeled with different tags

Answer 11

Subject tissue and from control tissue

Question 12

A special FISH technique (dual probes), is applied for detecting all genomic imbalances

Answer 12

CGH

Question 13

is used to determine copy number alterations of genome in cancer and those cells whose karyotype is hard or impossible to prepare or analyze

Answer 13

CGH

Question 14

used for evaluation

Answer 14

A fluorescent microscope equipped with a CCD camera and an image analysis system

Question 15

Typically, an identical amount of both tumor and normal DNAs is labeled with

Answer 15

two different fluorescent dyes

the mixture is added and hybridized to a normal lymphocyte metaphase slide

Question 16

CGH will detect only what

Answer 16

unbalanced chromosomal changes

Structural chromosome aberrations such as balanced reciprocal translocations or inversions can not be detected, as they do not change the copy number.

Question 17

CGH is based onco-hybridization of what

Answer 17

two differentially labeled genomic DNAs (eg. tumor and normal) to human metaphase chromosome spreads.

Question 18

CGH is based on?

Answer 18

on the co-hybridization of differentially labelled test and reference DNA onto metaphase spreads

which usually have been prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy donor

Question 19

The signal intensity ratios of the two labels along what?

Answer 19

along the chromosomes then reflect DNA copy number changes in the test genome relative to the reference genome