unit 8 vocab Flashcards
Psychological disorder
syndrome (collection of symptoms) marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Medical model
the concept that
diseases, in this case psychological
disorders, have physical causes that
can be DIAGNOSED, TREATED, and,
in most cases, CURED, often through
treatment in a HOSPITAL.
Epigenetics
study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change…shows how our DNA and environment interact.
DSM-5
widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
ADHD
psychological disorder
marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Anxiety disorders
characterized by distressing,
persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors (like drug use) that reduce anxiety
Social anxiety disorder
intense fear and avoidance of
social situations (formerly called social phobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Panic disorder
marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience
terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, often followed by worry over a possible next attack
Phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
OCD
disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
PTSD
characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hyper-vigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety,
numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Major depressive disorder
a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, 2 or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
Bipolar disorder
a person alternates between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the
overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-
depressive disorder)
Mania
hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which
dangerously poor judgment is common
Rumination
compulsive fretting (overthinking) over problems and causes
Schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
Psychotic disorders
A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
Hallucination
false sensory experiences, such
as seeing something in the absence of an external
visual stimulus
Delusion
false beliefs, often of persecution or
grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Chronic schizophrenia
symptoms usually appear by
late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
Acute schizophrenia
can begin at any age; frequently occurs as a response to a traumatic event
Somatic symptom disorder
symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
Conversion disorder
elated to somatic symptom disorder
in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms (related to anxiety) that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions
Illness anxiety disorder
elated to somatic symptom disorder in
which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly
called hypochondria)
dissociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders in
which conscious awareness becomes separated
(dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
dissociative identity disorder
rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating
personalities
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
a person, usually a man, exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless
anorexia nervosa
a person, usually an adolescent female, maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes is accompanied by excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
a person’s binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate
weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
binge-eating disorder
significant binge eating episodes,
followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of
situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has
felt loss of control and panic
