Unit 8: NURSING CARE OF MALE AND FEMALE CLIENTS WITH GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PROBLEMS IN REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALITY Flashcards
Most abundant male sex hormone
Testosterone
Normal acidic pH of vagina
4-5
Oviduct is aka
Fallopian Tube
Common Fertilization Site
Ampulla
Not being pregnant after at least one year of unprotected sex
Infertility
Inability to conceive because of a known condition
Sterility
Normal BMI Range
18.5-24-9
_______ is a noncancerous condition resulting from fibrous scar tissue that develops on the penis and causes curved, painful erections
Peyronie’s (pay-roe-NEEZ) disease
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has a vasoconstricting effect
Viagra
Most common cause of subfertility in women
Anovulation
Absence of ovulation
A belief that the human body is not something one should be ashamed of but should be exposed in the public
Nudism
On what part of the testes is sperm made?
Convoluted seminiferous tubules
It is where the sperm is stored
Epididymis
How many days does the sperm stay in the epididymis before moving to the vas deferens?
2-10 days
Vas deferens aka
Ductus Deferens
Secrete a viscous alkaline liquid with a high sugar, protein, and prostaglandin content.
Seminal vesicles
Secretes a thin, alkaline fluid, which further protects sperm by increasing the naturally low pH level of the urethra.
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral Glands are aka
Cowper’s glands
Supplies one more source of alkaline fluid to help ensure the safe passage of spermatozoa
Bulbourethral Glands
Consists of the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands
Accessory Glands
- Nourishes the sperm
- Protects the sperm from the acidic environment of the woman’s vagina
- Enhances the motility (movement) of the sperm
Accessory Glands
Is a tubular structure made of muscle and membranous tissue that connects the external genitalia to the uterus
Vagina
Normal Acidic pH of the vagina
4-5
- Provides a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus
- Allows drainage of menstrual fluids and other secretions
- Provides a passageway for the infant’s birth
Vagina
is a hollow muscular Organ in which a fertilized ovum is implanted, an embryo forms, and a fetus develops
Uterus
3 parts of the Uterus
Fundus
Corpus
Cervix
The neck of the uterus
Cervix
Inner or mucosal layer that is functional during menstruation and implantation of the fertilized ovum
Endometrium
The fallopian tube is aka ____ and _____
Uterine Tube
Oviduct
4 sections of the fallopian tube
Interstitial portion
Section of the fallopian tube that extends into the uterine cavity and lies within the wall of the uterus
Interstitial portion
Section of the fallopian tube which is a narrow area near the uterus
Isthmus
Section of the fallopian tube which is the wider area of the tube and is the usual site of fertilization
Ampulla
Section of the fallopian tube which is the funnel-like enlarged distal end of the tube
Infundibulum
How frequent does one ovum mature and released from the ovary?
Every month
Are two almond-shaped glands, each about the size of a walnut
Ovaries
- Production of hormones, chiefly estrogen and progesterone
- Stimulation of an ovum’s maturation during each menstrual cycle
Ovaries
Inability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy to birth
Infertility
A couple is said to be ____if they have not become pregnant after at least 1 year of unprotected sex
infertile
Infertility is considered to be a diagnosis for couples who have not achieved pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse when the woman is less than ____years of age or after____ months when the woman is older than ____
35
6
35
Term more often used rather than Infertility
Subfertility
Type of subfertility when there have been no previous conceptions
Primary Subfertility
Type of subfertility for when there has been a previous viable pregnancy
but the couple is unable to conceive at present
Secondary Subfertility
The chance of achieving pregnancy and subsequent live birth within one menstrual cycle
Fecundity
Is a condition related to infertility and refers to women who have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term.
Impaired fecundity
If a woman is younger than 35 years of age, it is usually suggested she have an evaluation after ____ of subfertility
1 year
If a woman is older than 35 years, she should be seen after ____ of subfertility
6 months
Fertility testing can be scheduled, such as not before age ___years and not after age ___years
18
45
3 Assessments for Subfertility Investigation (SOT)
Semen analysis (M) Ovulation monitoring (F) Tubal patency (F)
sperm count is the number of sperm in a single ejaculation or in a ____ of semen
milliliter
The minimum sperm count considered normal has:
___ to ___ million sperm per ml of seminal fluid, or ___million per ejaculation
33
46
50
The minimum sperm count considered normal has:
____ of sperm that are motile
50%
The minimum sperm count considered normal has:
___ of sperm that are normal in shape and form
30%
Type of sperm motility where the sperm swims in mostly straight line or large circles.
Progressive Motility
Type of sperm motility where the sperm do not travel in straight lines or that swim in very tight circles.
Non-Progressive Motility
Healthy sperm motility -sperm with forward progressions of at least ___micrometers per second
25
Is diagnosed when less than 32 percent of the sperm are able to move efficiently
Poor sperm motility or asthenozoospermia
- absence of sperm
- absence of spermatozoa in the semen or the inability to ejaculate semen.
Aspermia
-fewer than 20 million sperm per milliliter
Oligospermia-
Basic test for male infertility
Semen Analysis
In semen analysis, a male should produce a minimum of ___ to ____ of semen
1.4-1.7 mL
Medical treatment for premature ejaculation
Dapoxetine
2 phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Premature ejaculation
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Most common cause of subfertility in women
Anovulation
The most frequent cause of anovulation is the naturally occurring variations in _____ or _____
Ovulatory patterns
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
a sonographic examination of the fallopian tubes and uterus using an ultrasound contrast agent introduced into the uterus through a narrow catheter inserted into the uterine cervix followed by intravaginal scanning
Sonohysterosalpingogram
a radiopaque contrast medium is used and the fallopian tubes are revealed by X-ray
Hysterosalpingogram
allows direct visualization of the female peritoneal cavity
Transvaginal Hydrolaparoscopy
most effective therapy in younger women with distal tubal damage
laparoscopic surgery
fibroids that grow within the muscular uterine wall
Intramural fibroids
fibroids that bulge into the uterine cavity
Submucosal fibroids
fibroids that project to the outside of the uterus.
Subserosal fibroids
refers to the implantation of uterine endometrium, or nodules, that have spread from the interior of the uterus to locations outside the uterus
Endometriosis
most common type of abnormal uterine development
Septate Uterus
therapy to increase mucus production during days 5 to 10 of the cycle
low-dose estrogen therapy
is the instillation of sperm from a masturbatory sample into the female reproductive tract by means of a cannula to aid conception at the time of ovulation
IUI
Instead of waiting for fertilization to occur in the laboratory, both ova and sperm are instilled, within a matter of hours, using a laparoscopic technique, into the open end of a patent fallopian tube.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
the egg is fertilized in the laboratory, and the fertilized egg is transferred by laparoscopic technique into the end of a waiting fallopian tube.
zygote intrafallopian transfer
the oocyte is fertilized in the laboratory by the recipient woman’s partner’s sperm (or donor sperm) and placed in the recipient woman’s uterus by embryonic transfer
surrogate embryo transfer
Donor sperm are used to inseminate the female partner.
Therapeutic donor
insemination (TDI)
One sperm cell is selected to be injected directly into the
egg to achieve fertilization. It is used with IVF.
Intracytoplasmic sperm
injection
The zona pellucida is penetrated chemically or manually
to create an opening for the dividing embryo to hatch
and implant into the uterine wall.
Assisted hatching
an individually expressed and highly personal phenomenon that evolves from life experiences.
Sexuality
how one values oneself as a sexual being
Sexual self-concept
a central part of the sense of self
Body image
one’s self-image as a
female or male
Gender identity
is the outward expression of a person’s
sense of maleness or femaleness as well as the expression of what is perceived as gender-appropriate behavior
Gender-role behavior
flexibility in gender roles
is the belief that most characteristics and behaviors are human qualities that should not be limited to one specific gender or the other.
Androgyny
one’s attraction to people of the same sex, other sex, or both sexes
Sexual orientation
strong and persistent feelings of discomfort with one’s assigned gender or gender identity disorder
gender dysphoria
involves emotionally committed romantic partners engaging in sex with others, typically in the presence of one’s partner
swinging
constant, unremitting burning that is localized to the vulva with an acute onset.
Vulvodynia
causes severe pain only on touch or attempted vaginal entry
Vestibulitis
Counseling for Altered sexual Function (PLISSIT)
P -Permission giving
LI -Limited information
SS -Specific suggestions
IT -Intensive therapy
more frequent chlamydia screening at __ intervals is indicated for MSM,
3-month
all pregnant women should be screened for chlamydia at their __prenatal visit
first
pregnant women under 25 and those at increased risk for chlamydia (e.g., women who have a new or more than one sex partner) should be screened again in their __trimester
third
pregnant women with chlamydial infection should be retested __weeks and __months after completion of recommended therapy.
3 …3
an inflammation of the liver capsule and surrounding peritoneum, which is associated with right upper quadrant pain
PID that develop perihepatitis, or “Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome”
triad of symptoms (reactive arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis)
Reiter’s Syndrome
caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
transmitted from person to person by direct contact with a sore, known as a chancre
Syphilis
Type of Syphilis has a sore or sores at the original site of infection
Primary Syphilis
Type of Syphilis
sores are usually firm, round, and painless.
Primary Syphilis
Type of Syphilis
sore usually lasts 3 to 6 weeks and heals regardless of whether or not the person received treatment
Primary Syphilis
Type of Syphilis
the rash can look like rough, red, or reddish brown spots on the palms of hands and/or the bottoms of feet
Secondary Syphilis
Type of Syphilis
the rash usually won’t itch and it is sometimes so faint
fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue (feeling very tired)
Secondary Syphilis
is a period of time when there are no visible signs or symptoms of syphilis
Latent Stage
Type of Syphilis
can affect many different organ systems (heart and blood vessels, and the brain and nervous system)
very serious and would occur 10–30 years after the infection began
damages the internal organs and can result in death
Tertiary Syphilis
most common curable STD
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is caused by infection with
a protozoan parasite called _____
Trichomonas vaginalis
white, yellowish, or greenish
copious watery, frothy vaginal discharge.
is a sign of ____ in females
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is treated with ___ or ____
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
thick, white, cheesy or curd-like discharge in females is a sign of ___
candidiasis
plaque of cheesy material under foreskin of males is __
candidiasis
type of VVC which is not usually acquired through sexual intercourse
Uncomplicated VVC
type of VVC can occur concomitantly with STDs
Uncomplicated VVC
Vaginal cultures should be obtained from women with complicated VVC to confirm clinical diagnosis and identify unusual species, including nonalbicans species, particularly ___
Candida glabrata
first line maintenance regimen for RVVC
Fluconazole
Oral herpes is usually caused by the virus ____
HSV-1
Gonorrhea an STD caused by infection with the _____
Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium
white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis that usually appears one to fourteen days after infection is a sign of
Gonorrhea
urethritis with watery white discharge, which may become purulent. in men is a sign of ___
Gonorrhea
yellowish vaginal discharge
painful or burning sensation when urinating
vaginal bleeding between periods
is a sign of
Gonorrhea
most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)
human papillomavirus infection
most recognized sign of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Genital warts
Genital warts is aka
Condyloma Acuminatum
HPV types___and ___are usually associated with genital warts
6
11
on dry skin areas, lesions are hard and yellow-gray in males
HPV
on moist areas, lesions are pink orred and soft with a cauliflower-like appearance in males
HPV
caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovarsL1, L2, or L3
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Most common clinical manifestation among heterosexuals is tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy that is typically unilateral
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Pathognomonic Sign
LGV rectal exposure in women or MSM can result in ___mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (mucoid and/or hemorrhagic rectal discharge, anal pain, constipation, fever, and/or tenesmus)
proctocolitis
if it is not treated early, LGV proctocolitis can lead to ___and ___
chronic colorectal fistulas
strictures
What stage of LGV?
a self-limited painless papule in the genital mucosa or in the rectum, which can often go unnoticed
Initial Stage
What stage of LGV?
a florid and painful inguinal or femoral lymphadenopathy, or an acute hemorrhagic proctitis
Secondary
What stage of LGV?
rectal discharge or pain, feel an urge to defecate or incomplete defecation, or have rectal bleeding and anal itching
Secondary
What stage of LGV?
Systemic symptoms such as fevers, chills or malaise
Secondary
What stage of LGV?
chronic inflammatory changes, such as lymphatic obstruction causing genital elephantiasis
Tertiary
