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MCN (Theory) > Unit 6: Health Problems Common in Toddlers, Pre-Schoolers and School Age Children > Flashcards

Unit 6: Health Problems Common in Toddlers, Pre-Schoolers and School Age Children Flashcards

1
Q

Leading cause of death in children over 1 year

of age

A

Accidents (Unintentional Injuries)

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2
Q

Prolonged loud crying, consoled by no one
but the parent or usual caregiver

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Protest

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3
Q

Child Continually asks to go home

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Protest

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4
Q

Rejection of the nurse or any other stranger

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Protest

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5
Q

3 Stages of Separation Anxiety

A

Protest
Despair
Detachment or Denial

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6
Q

Alteration in sleep pattern

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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7
Q

2 Examplesof Injuries in Toddlers

A

Burns

Poisons

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8
Q

Decreased appetite and weight loss

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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9
Q

Diminished interest in environment and play

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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10
Q

Relative immobility and listlessness

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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11
Q

No facial expression and smile

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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12
Q

Unresponsive to stimuli

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Despair

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13
Q

Cheerful, undiscriminating friendliness

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Detachment or denial

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14
Q

Lack of preference for parents

is what stage of separation anxiety?

A

Detachment or denial

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15
Q

What does hospitalization mean for a
2-year-old
toddler?

A

Fear of Separation

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16
Q

What does hospitalization mean for an older pre schooler?

A

Fear of bodily harm

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17
Q

What does hospitalization mean for a school-age child?

A

Belief in the supernatural

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18
Q

Second and third most common cause of
death by trauma in individuals less than 15
years of age for boys and girls, respectively

A

Burns

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19
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Minimal tissue damage

A

1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)

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20
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Involves only the superficial epidermis
characterized by erythema , dryness and pain

A

1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)

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21
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Pain is the predominant symptom

A

1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)

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22
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Heals by regeneration by 1-10 days

A

1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)

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23
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

E.g. Sunburn

A

1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)

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24
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Involves epithelium and part of corium

A

2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)

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25
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Involves only the entire epidermis and portion
of dermis characterized by erythema, blister
with moist exudates which are extremely painful

A

2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)

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26
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Heals by regeneration by 4-6 weeks

A

2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)

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27
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Requires skin grafting

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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28
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

All layers of skin destroyed

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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29
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Involves both skin layers, epidermis and
dermis

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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30
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Appears leathery, white or black and not
sensitive to pain since nerve endings had been
destroyed

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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31
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Systemic effect can be life life-threatening

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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32
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

E.g.Scalds

A

2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)

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33
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

E.g. Electrical, Flame Burns

A

3rd Degree (Full Thickness)

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34
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Requiring amputations

A

4th Degree (Full Thickness)

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35
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Involve underlying muscle, fascia, and bone

A

4th Degree (Full Thickness)

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36
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Wound appears dull and dry, and ligaments,
tendons, and bone maybe exposed

A

4th Degree (Full Thickness)

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37
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

Painless

A

4th Degree (Full Thickness)

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38
Q

Classify the Degree of Burn:

May cause permanent
damage to affected area

A

4th Degree (Full Thickness)

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39
Q

Systemic response of the body to burns that causes a precipitous drop in
cardiac output; returns to normal in 24 to 36
hours

A

“Burn shock”

Metabolic rate greatly increased

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40
Q

Do not give ___ for severe burns (more than

10 % of body)

A

oral fluids

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41
Q

For ____ burns, immerse the

affected area in cool water

A

superficial

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42
Q

For ___ degree burns, cleanse the area, apply sterile

dressing soaked in sterile saline if possible

A

1st

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43
Q

Primary cause of death in first 24 to 48

hours (Burns)

A

Shock

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44
Q

Primary cause of death after initial

period

A

Infection

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45
Q

Fluid

Resuscitation: Parkland Formula

A

Plain Lactated Ringer (LR) 4ml x body weight
(kg ) x Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)
burned

  • ½ of total: 1st 8 hours post burn
  • ¼ of total: 2nd and 3 3rd 8 hours post burn

Goal : To get a urine output= 1ml/kg/ hr

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46
Q

IV Analgesic used to relieve pain from burns

A

Morphine

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47
Q

____ is essential for tissue repair.
↑ ____ in diet will
spare proteins from being used by the body for energy
so it will be used solely for tissue healing

A

Protein…CHON

48
Q

The toddler is at highest risk for _____ _______

A

Accidental Poisoning

49
Q

Poisoning in toddlers does not result to

_____

50
Q

Has Innate curiosity and ability to open “CHILD

PROOF” containers.

51
Q

Involved in Mouthing Activities ( Prevalent after age 1)

52
Q

Explores objects by Tasting

53
Q

Toddler’s Accident Exposure Involve: (2)

A

Analgesics

Vitamins

54
Q

Poisoning is common on what age group?

55
Q

More than 90% of poisoning occur where?

56
Q

The major contributing factor to poisonings in toddlers

A

Improper Storage

57
Q

Vomiting is the most effective way of removing poison from the body unless the substance taken is _____, ______, or a ______

A

Corrosive
Caustic (Strong alkali such as lye)
Hydrocarbon

58
Q

An oral emetic to cause vomiting

after drug overdose or poisoning

A

Syrup

of Ipecac

59
Q

How many ml of Syrup
of Ipecac is given to adolescent, school age and
preschooler

60
Q

How many ml of Syrup

of Ipecac is given to infant?

61
Q

After 1st Dose of Ipecac, what should the nurse do if the patient did not vomit?

A

Give a 2nd Dose

62
Q

3 Universal Antidotes for Poisoning

A

Activated Charcoal
Milk of Magnesia
Burned Toast

63
Q

Never administer the ____before the

ipecac

64
Q

What is the Antidote for Acetaminophen poisoning?

A

N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst ) to prevent liver

damage

65
Q

Interferes with RBC functioning leading to
hypochromic, microcytic anemia, destruction
of bones, teeth, kidneys and eventually
accumulation of ammonia causing
encephalopathy (affects CNS)

A

Lead Poisoning

66
Q

____is a soft gray metal element that occurs

naturally in the earth.

67
Q

For many years it was added to paint, gasoline, ongoing/historic mining, and commercial/industrial operations

68
Q

What part of the body does lead affect the most?

A

Brain

Can also permanently affect bones, kidney, and heart

69
Q

Procedure done to remove lead from blood/organ/tissues

A

Chelation Therapy

70
Q

If lead content in the blood is > 20 mcg/dl, what is administered?

A

Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA) PO

71
Q

In Chelation Therapy, Dimercaprol (BAL in oil) is not given if Patient has
allergy to _____

72
Q

3 Medications used for Chelation Therapy

A

Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)
Dimercaprol (BAL in oil)
Succimer (Chemet)

73
Q

Side Effect of:
Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)
Dimercaprol (BAL in oil)
Succimer (Chemet)

A

Nephrotoxicity

74
Q

Acetaminophen is Toxic at a dose of _______

A

> 150 mg/kg

75
Q

Treatment/Antidote for Acetaminophen Poisoning

A

N-Acetylcysteine

Has offensive odor - dilute in soda or juice

76
Q

Toxic Dose of Aspirin

A

300-500 mg/kg

77
Q

Chronic Ingestion Dose of Aspirin

A

> 100 mg/kg/day for 2 days or more

78
Q

Helps in Excreting Iron from the Body

A

Deferoxamine

79
Q

Non specific term for a neuromuscular
disability or difficulty in controlling
voluntary muscles (caused by damage to
some portion of the brain, with associated
sensory, intellectual, emotional, or seizure
disorder.)

A

Cerebral Palsy

80
Q

Cerebral Palsy aka

A

“Cerebral Paralysis ” or

“Little’s Disease”

81
Q

Cerebral Palsy is caused by a ______, ______ brain lesion

A

Permanent, non-progressive

82
Q

Cerebral Palsy is common among_____ infants weighing

_______grams at birth.

A

Premature…1000 to 1499

83
Q

3 Main types of Cerebral Palsy

A

Pyramidal
Extrapyramidal
Mixed

84
Q

Type of cerebral palsy that originates from the motor

areas of the cerebral cortex

85
Q

Type of cerebral palsy affecting the basal ganglia and cerebellum

A

Extrapyramidal

86
Q

Spastic Cerebral Palsy is a/an___ type of CP

87
Q

Ataxic CP is a/an ____ type of CP

A

Extrapyramidal

88
Q

Athetoid CP is a/an ____ type of CP

A

Extrapyramidal

89
Q 
Type of CP with hypertonicity, poor
control of posture, balance, and
coordinated movements;
impairment of gross and fine
motor skills.
A

Spastic CP

90
Q

Type of CP characterized by abnormal involuntary movement

A

Dyskinetic or Athetoid CP

91
Q

_____ is characterized by slow, wormlike, writhing movements

92
Q

CP characterized by wide-based gait and rapid
repetitive movements performed
poorly

93
Q

Type of CP with combination of spasticity

and athetosis

94
Q

Classification of CP:

all 4 limbs

A

Quadriplegia

95
Q

Classification of CP:

all 4 limbs, legs more severely affected than arms

96
Q

Classification of CP:

one side of the body; arm is usually more
involved than the leg

A

Hemiplegia

97
Q

Classification of CP:

three limbs are involved, usually both arms and a leg

98
Q

Classification of CP:

only one limb is affected, usually an arm

A

Monoplegia

99
Q

Refers to complete or partial paralysis in both legs and, in some people, parts of the lower abdomen.

A

Paraplegia

100
Q

Classification of CP:

too much muscle tone or tightness. Movements are
stiff, especially in the legs, arms, and/or back.

A

Spastic CP

101
Q

Classification of CP:

affect movements of the entire body.
Involves slow, uncontrolled body movements and low muscle tone;
hard for person to sit straight and walk.

A

Athetoid CP ( dyskinetic CP )

102
Q

Classification of CP:

least common. Disturbed sense of balance and depth
perception. Poor muscle tone, a staggering walk and unsteady hands.
Results from damage of the cerebellum.

103
Q

Classification of CP:

both movement and number of limbs
involved are combined.

A

Combined classifications

104
Q

Most common type of
CP affecting 70 70-80% of
patients

A

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

105
Q

Characterized by “Scissors” positions of lower limbs due to adductor spasms

A

Spastic Quadriplegia

106
Q

“wormlike”, limp and flaccid

Involves four extremities

Symptoms increase with
emotional stress and decrease
with rest

are characteristics of _______

A

Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP

107
Q 
Characterized by difficulty with
motor coordination of legs,
arms, hands, & feet resulting
in movements that are :
■ Uncontrolled
■ Slow
■ Writhing
A

Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP

108
Q

Chracterized by:

Dyskinetic movement of the mouth
Grimacing, Drooling, and dysarthria
Adductor spasm

A

Dyskinesia

109
Q

Movements that are rapid, irregular, jerky

110
Q

Movements with disordered muscle tone and sustained muscle contractions

111
Q

Less common type of CP
affecting 5 5-10% of patients

Affects balance and
coordination

Characterized by:
■ Disturbances in gait
■ Instability

112
Q

Stiff/Floppy posture
Excessive lethargy, Irritability, High Pitched Cry
Poor Head control
Weak suck/tongue thrust/tonic bite/feeding difficulties

are early signs of ______

A

Cerebral Palsy

113
Q

Abnormal or prolonged primitive reflexes:

Moro’s Reflex
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Placing Reflex
Landau Reflex

Are early signs of:

A

Cerebral Palsy

114
Q

Major source of stress among hospitalized toddlers

A

separation anxiety or separation from parents

115
Q

Age group majorly stressed in fear of bodily harm

A

older pre schooler

116
Q

Age group majorly believing in the supernatural

A

school age

117
Q

Age group that fears the unknown

A

school-age

MCN (Theory) (8 decks)

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