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Hematology > Unit 8 - Leukopoiesis II > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Leukopoiesis II Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphopoiesis stages

A

PSC
LSC
Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte
Lymphocyte

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2
Q

Lymphoblast key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

10-18 um
Large round nucleus, 1-2 nucleoli
Very fine chromatin (darker than myeloblast)
Small rim of cytoplasm

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3
Q

Prolymphocyte key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

Slightly smaller than blast
Chromatin more clumped
ONE SINGLE PROMINENT NUCLEOLUS

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4
Q

What lymphocyte stage has one singular nucleolus

A

Prolymphocyte

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5
Q

Mature lymphocytes size range

A

7-10um to as large as a monocyte

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6
Q

What is the current term for a larger lymphocyte

A

Variant lymphocyte

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7
Q

What are the historic terms for larger lymphocytes

A

Reactive lymph
Atypical lymph

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8
Q

Small mature lymphocyte

A

Nucleus - size of RBC, dense clumped nucleus
Cytoplasm - Small amount, blue

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9
Q

Larger mature lymphocyte

A

Cytoplasm - more abundant
May stain lighter blue
May have granules (NK mostly, maybe T cells)

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10
Q

Why do variant lymphocytes get their shape

A

Immunologically stimulated (often viral)
Can be immunoblast precursor

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11
Q

Key features of variant lymphs

A

Ballerina skirt, dark blue at edge around RBCs
Nucleus may have nucleoli
Chromatin finer
Irregular nucleus

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12
Q

What is a immunoblast

A

Immunologically processed virgin lymph that looks larger and blast-like

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13
Q

B - Cell immunoblast

A

B-cell –> Plasmacytoid lymphocyte –> Plasma cell

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14
Q

T - Cell Immunoblast

A

T - Cells –> T-effector cells (look like small mature lymphs)

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15
Q

Megakaryocyte development

A

PSC
CFU-GEMM
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte w/o PLT
Megakaryocyte w/ PLT
Bare megaK nucleus w/ PLT
PLT

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16
Q

What tissues produce thrombopoietin

A

Liver
Spleen
Kidneys

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17
Q

What is unique about MegaK development

A

Nucleus divides (endomitosis)
Cytoplasm doesn’t

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18
Q

Endomitosis

A

Nucleus divides, cytoplasm does not

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19
Q

Megakaryoblast key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

Huge cell, 20-45 um
Fine chromatin
blunt pseudopods
1-2 nucleoli
Bluish cytoplasm, nongranular

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20
Q

Promegakaryocyte key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

2-4 lobed nucleus
Cytoplasm less blue

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21
Q

MegaK w/o PLT key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

Nuclei divides -> polyploid
Cytoplasm more abundant
Less basophilic
granules start to form

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22
Q

MegaK w/ PLT key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

Membrane extensions “proplatelets”
Proplatelets break off as individual platelets.

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23
Q

Polyploid

A

Nuclei continues to divide

24
Q

MegaK nucleus key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

PLT production stops
Nucleus consumed by macrophage

25
Q

Platelets key features
(size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)

A

Fragments of megak cytoplasm
Small, 1-4 um
Released from MegaK in bone marrow to the peripheral blood
Internally complex

26
Q

Normal plt counts

A

5-15 PLT/oil field

27
Q

Decreased PLT counts

A

<6 PLT/oil field

28
Q

Increased PLT counts

A

> 15 PLT/oil field

29
Q

B-Cells processed in

A

Bursa-equivalent
aka
Bone marrow

30
Q

NK cells processed in

A

Neither thymus or bone marrow
In the gut

31
Q

What do NK cells do

A

Kill tumor cells
Kill virus infected cells

32
Q

Cellular immunity

A

T-Cells

33
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B-Cells

34
Q

What percent of lymphs are t-lymphs in the blood

A

65-80%

35
Q

CD4 cells

A

Helper

36
Q

CD8 cells

A

Cytotoxic/Suppressor

37
Q

What % of PBS lymphs are B cells

A

15-30%

38
Q

What cells undergo a blast transformation

A

B cells before they become plasma cells

39
Q

T- Cell functions

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic reactions
Regulator T-cells

40
Q

Normal ratio of CD4 to CD8

A

2:1

41
Q

Cytotoxic reactions

A

Kill virally infected cells
Reject translated organs

42
Q

REgulator T cells

A

CD4 - interact w other T cells, B cells, and macrophages
CD8 - Suppressor shuts off system

43
Q

B - Cell fxns

A

Unstimulated, carry immunoglobulin on cell surface
Ab release transform into plasma cell or memory B cells

44
Q

Terminally effector cells

A

Plasma cells

45
Q

NK functions

A

Attack -
Tumors
Virally infected cells
Ab coated cells

46
Q

Cellular immunity defends against

A

Intracellular pathogens
Graft rejection
Immune surveillance for cancer

47
Q

Humoral immunity defends against

A

Soluble antigens
Extracellular pathogens

48
Q

How does WBC distribution differ in children from adults?

A

Reverse diff
Lymphocytes more popular than neutrophils

49
Q

Lymphocyte absolute reference ranges

A

1.0-4.8 x 10^9/L

50
Q

Eosinophil absolute reference ranges

A

0-0.4x10^9/L

51
Q

Bands absolute reference ranges

A

0-0.7x10^9/L

52
Q

Monocytes absolute reference ranges

A

0.1-0.8x10^9/L

53
Q

Basophils absolute reference ranges

A

0-0.2x10^9/L

54
Q

Immature granulocyte markers

A

CD33
CD38

55
Q

Mature neutrophil markers

A

CD13

56
Q

B cell markers

A

CD19
CD20

57
Q

T cell markers

A

CD7 (all)
CD4 (helper)
CD8 (cytotoxic)

Hematology (12 decks)

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