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Hematology > Unit 7 - Leukopoiesis I > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Leukopoiesis I Flashcards

1
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Development of all types of WBC in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Polymorphonuclear cells

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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3
Q

All WBC except __ fully develop in the marrow

A

T lymphocytes

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4
Q

Newborn WBC reference interval

A

9-30 x 10^9/L

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5
Q

First week of life WBC reference interval

A

5-21 x 10^9/L

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6
Q

WBC levels decline with aging

A

Not true

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7
Q

By what age are WBC at adult levels

A

8 years

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8
Q

Adult WBC reference interval

A

4.5-11x10^9/L

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9
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High level of WBC

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10
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low levels of WBC

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11
Q

WBC distribution - Neutrophils

A

40-80%
up to 5% bands

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12
Q

WBC distribution - Lymphocytes

A

25-35%

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13
Q

WBC distribution - Monocytes

A

2-10%

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14
Q

WBC distribution - Eosinophils

A

0-5%

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15
Q

WBC distribution - Basophils

A

0-1%

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16
Q

What is the best way to diagnostically evaluate WBC

A

Absolute count, compensates for low/high WBC

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17
Q

Absolute WBC count formula

A

% cell type X WBC total

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18
Q

Normal neutrophil absolute count

A

1.7-7.0 x 10^3 PMN/uL

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19
Q

Neutrophils combat

A

Bacteria

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20
Q

Eosinophils are able to..

A

Weak phagocytes
Attack parasite toxins
chill out allergic reactions

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21
Q

Overall function of granulocytes

A

Phagocytosis & Digestion of pathogens

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22
Q

Overall function of monocytes

A

Non specific
Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation to T cells

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23
Q

Granulopoiesis process

A

PSC
GEMM
Progenitor committed stem cell
Recognizable precursors

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24
Q

Neutrophil precursors

A

Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band neutrophil
Segmented neutrophil

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25
Myeloblast key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Large - 15um High N/C ratio Purple nucleus Blue cytoplasm NO granules 2-5 nucleoli Fine, even chromatin Golgi not very visible
26
Promyelocyte key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
CAN be larger than promyelocyte 12-20 um High N/C Ratio Primary, non-specific granules Chromatin more coarse Nucleoli less distinct
27
Myelocyte key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
15 um Primary and specific granules Nucleus on one side and flat Chromatin more clumped Nucleoli not visible N/C ratio smaller Last stage that can mitose
28
What is the last neutrophil precursor that can mitose
Myelocyte
29
Metamyelocyte key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
14 um Nucleus begins to indent Chromatin more clumped
30
Band key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Nucleus indented more than 1/2 its width Chromatin very clumped
31
Seg Neutrophil key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Nucleus very clumped, separated into lobes Connected by thin strand 3-5 lobes normally
32
How many segs does a normal neutrophil have
3-5 lobes
33
Eosinophil and Basophil maturation stages
Myeloblast Promyelocyte Eo/Basophillic myelocyte Eo/Basophillic metamelocyte Eo/Basophillic band Eo/Basophilic segmented, 1-2 lobes
34
How many lobes do eosinophils and basophils have
1-2
35
Where are mast cells found
Bone marrow and tissues not blood
36
How long are neutrophils in the bone marrow for
7-8 days total
37
How long are neutrophils in the mitotic pool for
2-3 days Myeloblast --> myelocyte
38
How long are neutrophils in the storage pool for
5-7 days Metamyelocyte --> segmented
39
How long do neutrophils stay in the PBS
7-10 hours
40
How are leukocytes attracted to invaders
Chemotaxis
41
Explain the process of diapedesis
Attraction by chemotaxis Adhesion to vessel walls Diapedesis through walls into tissue Phagocytsis of infectious agent
42
Explain phagocytosis of neutrophils
Attraction by chemotaxis Binding to surface by receptors Pseudopodia eat microbe --> vacuole Granules fuse with vacuole and release contents Requires energy from glycolysis Usually results in death
43
What is the unique granule in neutrophilic line
Myeloperoxidase
44
What are other fxns of neutrophils
Activate coagulation system Interact with kinin system (coagulation) Secrete IL-1 to induce fever
45
What granulocyte other than neutrophils are technically capable for phagocytosis
Eosinophils Basophils
46
Basophils have receptors for
IgE
47
When a basophil s bound to IgE, wha is released
Histamine release --> immediate hypersensitivity
48
How do basophils function in the coag system?
Via heparin granules
49
Monocyte hematopoiesis
Monoblast Promonocyte Mature monocyte
50
Monoblast key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Indented nuclei Nucleoli visible Cytoplasm grayish blue May have vacuoles More abundant cytoplasm than myeloblast
51
Promonocyte key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Slightly more mature with indented or folded nucleus
52
Mature monocyte key features (size, N/C ratio, cytoplasm, nucleus, granules, nucleoli, Golgi)
Cytoplasm - grayish blue, fine granules (ground glass), blunt pseudopods, vacuoles common Larger than neutrophil Nucleus folded or indented or convoluted Chromatin has dark and light areas versus lymphocyte with dense clumping
53
How long do macrophages live in the tissues
Months
54
Functions of macrophages
Vacuum cleaner Immune responder Specialized fan in specific issues
55
What do monocytes do in peripheral blood
Patrol along vessel walls Respond to inflammation --> diapedesis --> tissue becomes macrophage
56
How do monocyte marginal pools differ from PMNs?
3x larger
57
Mono/macro phagocytosis
Attracted to site by chemotaxis Necrotaxis - attn to dead cells Phagocytosis
58
Which leukocytes function in cellular immunity
Lymphocytes monocytes
59
How do monocytes aid in cellular immunity
Phagocytize cells with intracellular bacteria and present the epitope to T cell Tumor cells
60
Late stages of bacterial invaders
Monocytes
61
Initial stages of bacterial invaders
Neutrophil
62
Contents of monocyte/macrophage lysosomal granules
Phosphatases Esterases Lysozyme Arylsulfatase
63
Contents of neutrophil granuels
Lysozymes Myleperoxidase

Hematology (12 decks)

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