Unit 8 - Cell Division

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

Period of cell growth and DNA replication
Longest part of cell cycle

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

1st stage of mitosis
DNA condenses into visible chromosomes
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Centrioles start to create spindle fibers

Question 3

Metaphase

Answer 3

2nd stage of mitosis
Chromosomes move to equatorial plate
Spindle fibers attach

Question 4

Anaphase

Answer 4

3rd stage of mitosis
Spindle fibers shorten
Sister chromatids pulled apart

Question 5

Telophase

Answer 5

4th stage of mitosis
Chromosomes unravel into chromatin
Nuclear membranes reform around DNA
Cleave furrow begins to form

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

Happens at the same time as telophase
Cytoplasm splits
Animal cells pinch apart
Plant cells form cell plate

Question 7

G1

Answer 7

1st stage of interphase
Cell grows

Question 8

S Phase

Answer 8

2nd stage of interphase
“Synthesis” phase
DNA is replicated

Question 9

G2

Answer 9

3rd stage of interphase
Cell growth, duplicate organelles, prepare for division

Question 10

Sister chromatids

Answer 10

Replicated chromosomes attached at the centromere

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

Middle part of a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together and spindle fibers attach

Question 12

Asexual reproduction benefits

Answer 12

Quick, don’t need to find a mate, less energy-intensive, less risky, all your DNA gets passed on

Question 13

Asexual reproduction drawbacks

Answer 13

No genetic variations, offspring are more susceptible if environmental conditions change

Question 14

Sexual reproduction benefits

Answer 14

Genetic variation, offspring population able to adapt to changing conditions better

Question 15

Sexual reproduction drawbacks

Answer 15

Longer, energy-intensive, time and danger in finding mates, only half of your DNA gets passed on

Question 16

Binary fission

Answer 16

Asexual cell division in bacteria

Question 17

Mitosis

Answer 17

Asexual cell division in eukaryotes
Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as parent cell

Question 18

Meiosis

Answer 18

Sexual cell division in eukaryotes
Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes as parent cell

Question 19

Somatic cell

Answer 19

Body cell
Diploid (2n), two copies of every chromosome

Question 20

Gamete

Answer 20

Sex cells (egg and sperm)
Haploid (n), one copy of every chromosome

Question 21

p53

Answer 21

Growth regulator that stops cell from dividing if DNA is damaged

Question 22

Cyclins

Answer 22

Proteins that encourage the cell to pass a checkpoint

Question 23

Contact inhibition

Answer 23

Cells stop dividing if they touch each other

Question 24

Mutagen

Answer 24

Substance that causes mutations

Question 25

Mutation

Answer 25

Change in the DNA sequence, usually bad or causes cancer

Question 26

Carcinogen

Answer 26

Substance that causes cancer

Question 27

Equatorial plate

Answer 27

Middle region of the cell

Question 28

Tumor

Answer 28

Mass of cancer cells

Question 29

Cancer

Answer 29

Cells that divide uncontrollably

Question 30

Stem cell

Answer 30

Undifferentiated cells

Question 31

Differentiation

Answer 31

Process where a stem cell become a specific type of cell (e.g., muscle cell, blood cell)

Question 32

Apoptosis

Answer 32

Programmed cell death

Question 33

Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

Answer 33

Want a high SA:V so that substances can diffuse and reach the center of the cell