Unit 5 - Cell Transport

Question 1

Lipid bilayer

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Made of phospholipids

Question 2

Selectively permeable

Answer 2

Some materials can pass through the membrane. Others cannot.

Question 3

Hydrophilic

Answer 3

Attracted to water

Question 4

Hydrophobic

Answer 4

Repelled by water

Question 5

Integral membrane protein

Answer 5

Spans across the membrane on both sides

Question 6

Peripheral membrane protein

Answer 6

Only on one side of the membrane

Question 7

Glycolipid

Answer 7

Carbohydrate attached to lipid
Involved in cell signaling/communication

Question 8

Glycoprotein

Answer 8

Carbohydrate attached to membrane protein
Involved in cell signaling/communication

Question 9

Concentration gradient

Answer 9

Transition from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Question 10

ATP

Answer 10

Energy molecule
Used to do work

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

Maintaining internal cell balance
(e.g., keeping toxins out, getting food in, keeping water balance)

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Protein channels provide a way for large and/or polar molecules to move across the membrane
No energy required

Question 13

Aquaporin

Answer 13

Protein channel that allows water to move across the membrane

Question 14

Plasmolysis

Answer 14

Cell shrivels up when placed in hypertonic solution

Question 15

Turgor pressure

Answer 15

Vacuole in the plant cell builds up water pressure to squeeze against the cell wall
Maintains cell shape for plants

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Substance that gets dissolved
(e.g., sugar, salt)

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

Liquid that does the dissolving
(e.g., water)

Question 18

Solution

Answer 18

Liquid that has a dissolved solid/liquid in it

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

Solution with high salt/low water compared to cell

Question 20

Isotonic

Answer 20

Solution with same salt/same water compared to cell

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

Solution with low salt/high water compared to cell
Ex. distilled/pure water

Question 22

Cytolysis

Answer 22

Cell bursts/breaks when placed in hypotonic solution

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

Taking large amounts of material/food into a cell
Bulk transport

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

Sending large amounts of material/waste/signals out of a cell
Bulk transport

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

Using energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient Move from low to high concentration

Question 26

Diffusion / Simple diffusion

Answer 26

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient Move from high to low concentration

Question 27

Cholesterol

Answer 27

Lipid that maintains rigidity in the cell membrane

Question 28

Equilibrium

Answer 28

Molecules move inside and outside of the cell at the same rate No net change in concentration

Question 29

Vacuole

Answer 29

Organelle that stores water, salts, carbs, and other nutrients

Question 30

Vesicle

Answer 30

Organelle that carries things throughout the cell

Question 31

Pinocytosis

Answer 31

Endocytosis of liquid

Question 32

Phagocytosis

Answer 32

Endocytosis of food/other cells/pathogens

Question 33

Phospholipid

Answer 33

Main component of cell membrane Has polar/hydrophilic head group Has nonpolar/hydrophobic tail groups