unit 8 and 9 Flashcards
what is the definition of coriolis effect
a phenomenon that causes fluid, like water and air, to curve as they travel across or above the earths surface
what direction does air and water curve from the equator
to the east
what creates the curve
coriolis effect
what part of the earth gets the most sunlight and what type of heat transfer is this
equatorial regions, radiation
what additional heat transfer happens because of the coriolis effect
convection
how do hurricanes spin in the northern hemisphere? what makes it go in this direction
counter-clockwise, coriolis push
what do hurricanes spin in the southern hemisphere? what makes it go in this direction
clockwise. coriolis push
which two large earth systems are affected by the coriolis affect
air and water
where does warm ocean water come from and how does it get warm
originates near the equator, sunlight
where does cold ocean water come from and how does it get cold
polar regions deep ocean, currents
what are the 5 major gyres
the north atlantic gyre, the south atlantic gyre, the north pacific gyre, the south pacific gyre, the indian ocean gyre
explain how radiant heat transfer works in the gyre system
ocean currents move within their gyres primarily through the process of convection
explain how convection heat transfer works in the gyre system
to the movement of heat in the vertical direction
how warm does ocean water have to be to start a hurricane
above 26 degrees celsius, 79 degrees fahrenheit
explain how the gyre lab was different than the heat transfer lab
it involved ice, the candle was at the end instead of the middle
between which latitudes are the trade winds
NE, SE
between which latitude are the westerlies
30 degrees
between which latitudes are the polar easterlies
60 degrees
know which cells align with which winds
polar cell- polar easterlies
ferrel cell- westerlies
hadley cell- NE trade winds
hadley cell- SE trade winds
explain how radiation effects the atmosphere cells and winds
the moré solar radiation is absorbed and heat is re radiated the more the temp of atmosphere goes up
explain how convection effects the atmospheric cells and winds
lowers surface pressure creating a pressure gradient that tries to correct itself by having air move from higher pressure to the lower pressure area created by rising air
how does the coriolis effect make the wind move in a slant
deflects the direction of the flow of the air and causes the air to flow parallel to the isobars
in the activity, what did the bubbles represent
atmosphere cells
what are the 5 layers of the atmosphere from the earth upward in other
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
where is the ozone layer
stratosphere
what is the purpose of the ozone layer
absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planets surface
where is the karman layer
thermosphere
what is the karman layer considered
boundary between our atmosphere and outer space
in which layer do satellites orbit
thermosphere and exosphere
in which layer do meteors vaporize
mesosphere
which elements is the largest percentage of the air
nitrogen N2
in which layer does our weather happen
troposphere
where is the ISS
thermosphere
what are the 3 categories of events in the troposphere
planetary, synoptic, mesoscale
which layer lack vertical convection
stratosphere
which layer has electrical discharges in the form of sprites and elves
mesosphere
which layer created a drag force on satellites
thermosphere
which layer will leak atoms into space
exosphere
what makes cyclonic action happen
tropical cyclone
local weather belongs in which troposphere category
mesoscale
which atlantic formed weather event had increased in the last 20 years
tropical storm activity
what had increased just above the karman line that you cannot live without
oxygen
what is situated in the exosphere that is conducting research
satélites
what had been rebuilt because we have reduced our CFC output over the last 30 years
ozone concentration
what are the symbols for rain?
• • light rain
.•. moderate rain
•:• heavy rain
what are the symbols for fronts
roll
what are the symbols for pressure masses
H high pressure
L low pressure
what are the 3 main flags for wind speed
roll
what are the light and small particles of a rain cloud
ice crystals
what are the heavy and lath particles of a rain cloud
gravpel
what are the two types of lightening
cloud to ground, cloud to cloud
what is lightening
plasma, electrostatic discharges
four main cloud types
roll, cirro cumulo, strato, nimbo
what is the dew point
10 degrees celsius
what are the three cloud regions
polar, temperature, tropical
which clouds are more likely to produce rain and snow
nimbo
what is the jet stream
fast, narrow current of air flowing from west to east that encircles the globe
how can sunlight be broken up
use of a prism
be able to explain why sunsets are yellow and orange in words
the only light which penetrates through the atmosphere are the longer wave lengths of light
who came up with climate zones we use today
wladimir köppen
what does type A climate look like
hot, humid tropical
what does type B climate look like
low precipitation, average temp, greater than 50 degrees F
what does type C climate look like
edge of continents, mild winters and summers
what does Type D climate look like
oceanic- coldest month 32 F or higher
continental- reaches below 0 degrees C
what does type E climate look like
low temps and precipitation
