unit 7 Flashcards
which theory of the universe did Galileo believe in?
heliocentric it’s where the sun is in the middle of the
what did Galileo perfect and what did he see with it
the telescope, saw olympus mons and mars, jupiter red dot and moons
what force did Galileo’s experiments at piso explore
gravity
what were galileo’s conclusion about that force
gravity makes objects fall at the same rate no matter their shape or size
when JPL tried those same experiments, what were their results
bowling ball and bouncy ball fell at the same time
explain acceleration
the rate of change of velocity per unit of time
whose work influences kepler? two scientists
Tycho Brahes, Galileo
what could kepler do better than others to help him get the laws of planetary motion
math
explain the 1st law of planetary motion
each planets orbit about the sun is an ellipse
explain the 2nd law of planetary motion
the imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits
explain the 3rd law of planetary motion
the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the orbits semi-major axis
explain how keplers 2nd law is influencer by one of galileo’s ideas
copernican system of planets orbiting the sun instead of the earth
what is perihelion
the earth is closest to the sun in its orbit
what is aphelion
the earth is furthest away from the sun in its orbit
what is our average distance from the sun
23 million miles
how long is the earths revolution
365.25 days
where do all planets, asteroids and moons travel around the sun
heliocentric orbit
be able to explain the vectors that keep us in orbit and why they work
gravitational attraction to the sun, a force that acts along the vector from the sun to the planet. the force of gravity cannot change the angular momentum of any planet
what is perigee
the moon is closest to the earth in its orbit
what is apogee
the moon is furthest from the earth
know the layers of the moon
crust, lithosphere, plastic core, liquid core, solid core
what is albedo
a materials ability to reflect sunlight
know phases of the moon
going clockwise: full moon, waxing gibbous, first quarter, waving crescent, new moon, waning crescent, third quarter, waning gibbous
know what a lunar eclipse and solar eclipse is
lunar: moon is shadowed by the earth
solar: moon will cast a shadow on the sun
what long does it take the earth to rotate
24 hours
what is the axial tilt of the earth
23.5 degrees
how fast does the earth spin at the equator, tropics, circles and poles
equator: 100 m/hr
tropics: 870 m/hr
circles 500 m/hr
poles: 0 m/hr
what is the elliptical plane always in line with
sun
in which direction does the earth spin
counterclockwise
the equator is also the same as
latitude 0 degree line
what is radiant heat transfer
heat waves are emitted that may be absorbed, reflected or transmitted through a colder body
what is conduction heat transfer
when a cool object touches a warm object and heat is transferred to the cool object
what is convection heat transfer
heat only nation, works well w/ liquids + gasses
what does nature abhor
nature hates a vacuum
how does the sun give radiant heat
fusion: 1st element helium, 2nd hydrogen
all objects are either what or what
conductors, insulators
where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox
equator
where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during the winter solstice
tropic of Capricorn
where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during hype summer solstice
tropic of cancer
where is earths “warm zone”
23.5 degrees north tropic of cancer and to 23.5 degrees south tropic of capricorn
what is important about solar radiation hitting the earth at 90 degrees
most intense radiation
where are the arctic circle and antarctic circle respectively
arctic: 66.3 degrees north
antarctic: 66.3 degrees south
in magnetism, what attracts and what repels
opposite poles attract same poles repel
what is the dynamo effects
a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the earths main magnetic field in terms of a self-sustaining dynamo
when did this start for the earth
3.5 billion yrs ago
which pole is positive and which pole is negative
north neg, south pos
what is the magnetosphere and what does it do
protects us from the fury of the sun, a great bubble of magnetism
what do charges particles trapped in the earths magnetic field create
solar storms
