uni t 6 Flashcards
what is the structure of the earth
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
what does the crust and upper mantle look like
crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere
why is the outer core liquid?
due to high temperatures and not enough pressure to keep it in a solid state
why is the inner core solid
because there’s a lot of pressure
what is the largest part of the earth
mantle
what type of rock is the mantle made of
silicates
what does it mean when rock is “plastic”
rock can bend or fold
which crust is thicker
continental
which crust is thinner
oceanic
which elements are more abundant in the crust
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron
what is special about the asthenosphere
partially molten and ductile nature allows for the movement of tectonic plates above it.
What did alfred wegener do for plate tectonics
proposed theory of continental drift
what were the clues and proof for his theory
fossil evidence
what is the theory of plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the theory that states that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle
what is the convergence zone
ocean to crust, crust to crust
what is the divergence zone
move away from each other
what is the subduction zone
earth plates dives back into the mantle
what is transform fault
slide past each other horizontally
where does a hotspot come from
over exceptionally hot regions in the mantle
what two things do subduction zones produce
earthquakes, ocean trenches
what are the three types of volcanoes
shield, cindercone, composite
what is a caldera
circular depression where the surface has slumped
what is a vent
neck of a volcano where everything comes out
what is a dyke
magma that goes up vertical
what is a sill
solidified magma, not exposed, horizontal
what is a pluton
always connected to sill and dyke, large magma
what is a laccolith
dome shaped rock, higher up, stuck between 2 sedimentary
where do most volcanoes happen
plate boundaries
what is a high viscosity
lava that moves slow like syrup
what is low viscosity
lava that flows fast
what is low viscosity
lava that flows fast
what are the two types of lava
pahoehoe, AA
what are the two types of lava
pahoehoe, AA
what is pillow lava
lava underneath water
which heavy elements sink to the earth at its formation
iron, nickel
what is the name of the world last super continent
pangea
where does the sea floor sink back into the earth to be recycled
deep sea trenches
when subduction happens which crust does under which crust
oceanic sub ducts beneath continental
magma builds up inside which part of the volcano before eruption
chamber
what does a volcano release into the air as it erupts
lava, ash, gas, smoke
what causes an earthquake
sudden movement along faults within the earth
how do we measure earthquakes? two ways.
seismograph, seismic analysis
what does a p wave look like
look at camera roll bruh
what does a s wave look like
look at camera roll again lol
what do love waves look like
vjk look at camera roll
what do rayleigh waves look like
roll
what are the body waves
p and s
which waves are surface waves
rayleigh and love
how many seismographs stations are needed to triangulate an epicenter of an earthquake
3
which has two shadow zones
p shadow zone
which has one shadow zone
s shadow zone
which wave can go through the earths core
rayleigh wave
to find the epicenter of an earthquake you must get the distance by finding what measurement
time difference between the first P wave and the first S wave
who is the father of geology
james hutton
what earthquake waves cannot go through the core
s wave
molten rock is called?
magma
what equation can model a richter scale
logE= 11.8 + 1.5 m
what gets transferred in the transition zone of the mantle
seismic wave activity and velocity
what is a latitude line
measures the distance north or south of the equator
what is a longitude line
imaginary lines that divide earth
what latitude line do we measure from
distance north and south of equator
which longitude line do we measure from
meridian
what four things must be on a proper map
title, compass rose, key, scale
how many degrees does a compass show
360
