Unit 8 Flashcards
Behaviors in Evolution
Behavior helps organisms survive and reproduce, which is shaped by evolution
Endotherm
Warm-blooded with internal temperature regulation (ie. humans)
Ectotherms
Cold-blooded that relies on environment (ie. reptiles)
10% Rule
Only 10% of energy moves up each trophic level
Autotrophs
Make their own food
Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Use sunlight to make own food (ie. plants)
Chemosynthetic
Use chemicals to make food (ie. deep sea bacteria)
Heterotrophs
Get energy by eating other organisms (ie. animals, fungi)
Population Growth Rate Formula
(Births - deaths) + (immigration - emigration) / population size
Exponential Growth
J-curve with fast and unlimited growth
Logistic Growth
S-curve that slows down as population nears the carrying capacity
Density Dependent Factors
Disease, competition, and food affect big populations more
Density Independent Factors
Natural disasters and weather affect all populations the same
Carrying Capacity (K)
Maximum number of organisms an environment can support sustainably
Biodiversity
Variety of species in an area cause more biodiversity which means a more stable ecosystem
Simpson’s Diversity Index
Higher D value, more diverse
Predators and Preys
Predator controls prey population to keep balance
Trophic Cascade
One species (usually top predator) affects entire food web
Niche Partitioning
Species divide up resources to reduce competition (ie. birds feeding at different tree heights)
Competition
Species compete for the same resource which can limit population size
Predation
One organism kills and eats another
Symbiosis
Close relationships between species
Parasitism
One benefits, but one is harmed
Mutualism
Both benefit
