Unit 8 Flashcards
Psychological disorder
A syndrome marked
by a clinically significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.
Philippe Pinel
Opposed the idea of mental illness being demonic possession, moral treatment rather than horrific treatment
Medical model
Syphilis infecting the brain
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
Vulnerabilty model/diathesis-stress model
genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to increase or decrease the likelihood of developing a psychological disorder.
Epigientics
the study of environmental influences on gene
expression that occur without a DNA change
DSM-5
Widely used for classifying disorders
sometimes not super reliable
Too broad
labeling normal behavior as a disorder
ADHD
A psychological disorder marked by extreme
inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
braoded spectrum by DSM, more people are getting diagnosed
Biopsychosocial approach
Ancient greek approach
Anxiety disorders
Psychological disorders
characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety
or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Classification of a psychological disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Intense fear and
avoidance of social situations (used to be
called social phobia).
Generalized anxiety disorder
An anxiety disorder
in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive,
and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations;
often followed by worry
over a possible next attack.
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic.
Phobias
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
OCD
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.
PTSD
A disorder
characterized by haunting memories,
nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal,
jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or
insomnia that lingers for four weeks or
more after a traumatic experience.
Genes influence this
Survivor resiliency
Recovering after
the severe stress.
Posttramatic growth
Made stronger by
what didn’t completely break them.
Major depressive disorder
Major Depressive Disorder:
A disorder in which a
person experiences,
in the absence of drugs
or another medical
condition, two or more
weeks with five or more
symptoms, at least one
of which must be either
(1) depressed mood or
(2) loss of interest or
pleasure.
persistent depressive disorder
This is like major depressive disorder except people with this (also called dysthymia) have a milder depressed mood more often than not for two or more years. They also have to display two of the following symptoms (at least):
Bipolar disorder
disorder in which a person
alternates between the hopelessness and
lethargy of depression and the overexcited
state of mania (formerly called
manic-depressive disorder).
Mania
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.
