Module 31 Flashcards

1
Q

Memory

A

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

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2
Q

Recall

A

a measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

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3
Q

Recognition

A

A measure or memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test

Seeing a candy bar in a store and remembering it from a commercial

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4
Q

relearning

A

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

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5
Q

encoding

A

the process of getting information into the memory system- for example, by extracting meaning

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6
Q

storage

A

the process of retaining encoded information over

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7
Q

retrieval

A

the process of getting information out of memory storage

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8
Q

parallel processing

A

considering many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain’s natural
mode of information processing
for many functions

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9
Q

sensory memory

A

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

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10
Q

Short-term memory

A

memory that holds a few items
briefly, before the information is stored or forgotten.

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11
Q

long-term memory

A

a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

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12
Q

Metacognition

A

Thinking about thinking, reflecting on one’s own cognitive abilities

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13
Q

Hermann Ebbinghaus

A

Nonsense syllables, relearning (happens much more efficiently than when first learning it), retention (drops off shortly but eventually levels out)

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14
Q

information processing model

A
  1. encoding
  2. storage
  3. retrieve
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15
Q

Connectionism (info-processing model)

A

Our brain processes memories as a product of interconnected neural networks, building connections with information to places, smells, etc.

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16
Q

Three stage model

A

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
1. Sensory memory
2. Short term memory George Miller 7+/- 2
3. Long term memory

17
Q

Working Memory (3-stage)

A

Allan Baddeley

While putting something into short-term memory, pulling things from long-term memory

The central executive coordinates focused processing without which, information often fades.

(meeting a new person, do they remind me of someone?)

18
Q

Explicit memory (declarative)

A

The retention of facts and experienced from long term that one can consciously know and declare

(talking about a good memory from elementary school)

18
Q

Implicit memory (non-declarative)

A

This is the retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations in long-term memory independent of conscious recollection

(walking out of the school)

19
Q

Effortful processing

A

Encoding that required attention and conscious effort

20
Q

Automatic processing

A

unconscious encoding of incidental information (space, time, and frequency of well-learning information)

21
Q

Chunking

A

Organizing information into familiar, manageable units

22
Q

Mnemonics

A

ROY G BIV

colors of the rainbow

23
Q

Hierarchies

A

remember things in groups and subgroups
what goes together?
government

24
Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving
Flashing words at viewers and asking them different questions to help them remember those words
24
Shallow processing
encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words
24
Deep processing
encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
25