Module 31

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

Recall

Answer 2

a measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Question 3

Recognition

Answer 3

A measure or memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test

Seeing a candy bar in a store and remembering it from a commercial

Question 4

relearning

Answer 4

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Question 5

encoding

Answer 5

the process of getting information into the memory system- for example, by extracting meaning

Question 6

storage

Answer 6

the process of retaining encoded information over

Question 7

retrieval

Answer 7

the process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 8

parallel processing

Answer 8

considering many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain’s natural
mode of information processing
for many functions

Question 9

sensory memory

Answer 9

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Question 10

Short-term memory

Answer 10

memory that holds a few items
briefly, before the information is stored or forgotten.

Question 11

long-term memory

Answer 11

a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

Question 12

Metacognition

Answer 12

Thinking about thinking, reflecting on one’s own cognitive abilities

Question 13

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 13

Nonsense syllables, relearning (happens much more efficiently than when first learning it), retention (drops off shortly but eventually levels out)

Question 14

information processing model

Answer 14

1. encoding
2. storage
3. retrieve

Question 15

Connectionism (info-processing model)

Answer 15

Our brain processes memories as a product of interconnected neural networks, building connections with information to places, smells, etc.

Question 16

Three stage model

Answer 16

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
1. Sensory memory
2. Short term memory George Miller 7+/- 2
3. Long term memory

Question 17

Working Memory (3-stage)

Answer 17

Allan Baddeley

While putting something into short-term memory, pulling things from long-term memory

The central executive coordinates focused processing without which, information often fades.

(meeting a new person, do they remind me of someone?)

Question 18

Explicit memory (declarative)

Answer 18

The retention of facts and experienced from long term that one can consciously know and declare

(talking about a good memory from elementary school)

Question 18

Implicit memory (non-declarative)

Answer 18

This is the retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations in long-term memory independent of conscious recollection

(walking out of the school)

Question 19

Effortful processing

Answer 19

Encoding that required attention and conscious effort

Question 20

Automatic processing

Answer 20

unconscious encoding of incidental information (space, time, and frequency of well-learning information)

Question 21

Chunking

Answer 21

Organizing information into familiar, manageable units

Question 22

Mnemonics

Answer 22

ROY G BIV

colors of the rainbow

Question 23

Hierarchies

Answer 23

remember things in groups and subgroups
what goes together?
government

Question 24

Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving

Answer 24

Flashing words at viewers and asking them different questions to help them remember those words

Question 24

Shallow processing

Answer 24

encoding
on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Question 24

Deep processing

Answer 24

encoding
semantically, based on the
meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention