Unit 7b Vocab Flashcards
Versailles treaty
The treaty ending World War I and creating the league of Nations
Red scare
Post World War I public anti-communist hysteria over bolshevik influence
Open shop
Factory or business employing nonunion members
Volestead act
The 1920 law enforcing the prohibition (18th) amendment
immigration act
1921 act setting a maximum of 357,000 new immigrants each year
League of Women Voters
A civic organization dedicated to keeping voters informed about candidates and issues
Great depression
The nation’s worst economic crisis, extending through the 1930s, producing unprecedented bank failures, unemployment, and industrial and agricultural collapse
Bonus army
Unemployed veterans of World War I gathering in Washington in 1932 demanding payment of service bonuses not due until 1945
New deal
The economic and political policies of the Roosevelt administration in the 1930s
Fireside chat
Speeches broadcast nationally over the radio in which President Franklin D Roosevelt explained complex issues and programs in plain language, as though his listeners were gathered around the fireside with him
Emergency banking act
Authorized the government to examine the finances of banks closed during the bank holiday and reopen those judged to be sound
Tennessee Valley Authority
Federal regional planning agency established to promote conservation, produce electric power, and encourage economic development and seven Southern states
National industrial recovery act
1933 act that was meant to be a systematic plan for economic recovery
Social security act of 1935
Created a federal insurance program based upon the automatic collection of payments from employees and employers throughout People’s working careers
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act
Act establishing federal guarantee of the right to join a union and a unions’s right to bargain collectively
Congress of industrial organizations
An alliance of industrial unions that spurred the 1930s organizational drive among the mass production industries
New deal coalition
Coalition that included traditional minded white southern Democrats, big city political machines, industrial workers of all races, trade unionist, and many depression hit farmers
Dust bowl
Parched earth swept up in violent dust storms that struck the Great Plains
Court packing (judicial reorganization bill)
To “reform” the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice to every justice over age of 70, based on the fact that they were allies with FDR
Fair labor standards act
Establish several regulations on businesses in interstate commerce:
- minimum wage
- max standard workweek of 40 hours
- child labor restrictions
Blitzkrieg
German war tactic in World War II (“lightning war”), involving the concentration of air and armored firepower to punch and exploit holes in opposing defensive lines
Neutrality act of 1939
Permitted the sale of arms to Britain, France, and China
Axis powers
Germany, Italy, Japan in WWII
Lend lease act
Allowed Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit
Atlantic Charter
The document that affirmed the general principles for a sound peace after the war would include self-determination, no territorial expansion, and free-trade
War Powers act
Act that gave the US president the power to re-organize the federal government and create new agencies; to establish program censoring news, information, and abridging civil liberties; to seize foreign owned property; an award government contracts without bidding
Operation torch
The Allied invasion of axis-held north Africa in 1942
Operation overlord
United States and British invasion of France in June 1944 during World War II
D-Day
June 6, 1944, the date of the first paratroop drops and amphibious landings on the coast of Normandy, France, in the first stage of operation overlord during World War II
Battle of the Bulge
German offensive that penetrated deep into Belgium
Eastern front
The area of military operations in World War II located east of Germany in Eastern Europe in the Soviet Union
Island hopping
The pacific campaigns of 1944 that were the American naval versions of the blitzkrieg
Holocaust
The systematic murder of millions of European Jews and others deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany
Yalta conference
Meeting of FDR, Winston Churchhill, Joseph Stalin held in February 1945 to plan the final stages of World War II and postwar arrangements
Irreconcilables
Group of US senators adamantly opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I
