Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
Treaty of Fort Laramie
the treaty acknowledging US defeat in the Great Sioux War in 1868 and supposedly guaranteeing the Sioux perpetual land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
Edmunds-Tucker Act
1887 act which destroyed the temporal power of the Mormon church by confiscating all assets over $50,000 and establishing a federal commission to oversee all elections in the Utah territory
Lynching
execution, usually by a mob, without trial
Homestead Act of 1862
law passed by Congress in May 1862 providing homesteads with 160 acres of free land in exchange for improving the land within five years of the grant
Morrill Act of 1862
act by which “land-grant” colleges acquired space for campuses in return for promising to institute agricultural programs
Forest Management Act
1897 act which, along with the National Reclamation Act, set the federal government on the path of large-scale regulatory activities
Omaha Act of 1882
acts which allow the establishment of individual title to tribal lands
Dawes Severalty Act
1887 law terminating tribal ownership of land and allotting some parcels of land to individual Indians with the remainder opened for white settlement
Vertical Integration
The consolidation of numerous production functions, from the extraction of the raw materials to the distribution and marketing of the finished products, under the direction of one firm
Horizontal Combination
The merger of competitors in the same industry
Chinese Exculsion Act
act that suspended Chinese immigration, limited the civil rights of resident Chinese, and forbade their naturalization
Knights of Labor
Labor union founded in 1869 that included skilled and unskilled workers irrespective of race or gender
American Federation of Labor
Union formed in 1886 that organized skilled workers along craft lines and emphasized a few workplace issues rather than a broad social program
Tenements
4 to 6 story residential dwellings, once common in New York, built on tiny lots without regard to providing ventilation or light
Gilded Age
term applied to late 19th century America that refers to the shallow display and worship a wealth characteristic of that period
Women’s Educational and Industrial Union
Boston organization offering classes to wage-earning women
Interstate Commerce Commission
1887 law that expanded federal power over business by prohibiting pooling and discriminatory rates by railroads and establishing the first federal regulatory agency, the interstate commerce commission
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
A law of 1883 that reforms the spoils system by prohibiting government workers from making political contributions and creating the civil service commission to oversee their appointment on the basis of merit rather than politics
Populist Movement
a major third party of the 1890s formed on the basis of the Southern Farmers alliance and other reform organizations
Grange
The National Grange of patrons of husbandry, a national organization the farm owners forms after the Civil War
Farmer’s Alliance
A broad mass movement in the rural south anthe west during the late 19th century, encompassing several organizations in demanding economic and political reforms
Great Uprising
unsuccessful railroad strike of 1877 to protest to wage cuts and they use a federal troops again strikers; the first nationwide a work stoppage in America good history
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
women’s organization whose members visited schools to educate children about the evils of alcohol, addressed prisoners, and blanketed men’s meetings with literature
National American Women’s Suffrage Association
The organization, formed in 1890, according to the ultimately successful campaign to achieve women’s right to vote
Free Silver
philosophy that the government should expand the money supply paper by purchasing and coining all the silver offer to it
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890 act which directed the Treasury to increase the amount of currency coined from silver mined in the west and also permitted the US government to print paper currency backed by the silver
Nativism
favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws the became widespread in the South and during 1890s
Segregation
A system of racial control that separate the races, initially by custom but increasingly by law during and after Reconstruction
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court decision holding that Louisiana’s railroad segregation law did not violate the Constitution as long as the railroads or the state provided equal accommodations
Grandfather Clauses
rules that required potential voters to demonstrate that their grandfathers have been eligible to vote; Used in some southern states after 1890 to limit the black electorate
Sand Creek Massacre
The near Annihilation in 1864 of Black Kettle’s Cheyenne band By Colorado troops under Colonel John Chivington’s order to “kill and scalp all, big and little.”
