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Science Flashcards > Unit 7 Review > Flashcards

Unit 7 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of ecosystems, including organisms and their environment

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2
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that makes its own food via photosynthesis or chemosyntesis

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3
Q

What is a consumer?

A

An organism that needs to consume other organisms for its food.

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4
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that feeds on plants.

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5
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that feeds on flesh/meat

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6
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An organism that feeds on both plants and animals

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7
Q

What is a detritivore?

A

An organism that feeds on organic waste.

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8
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Bacteria or fungi that break down dead organisms

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9
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Contains all biotic and abiotic factors in an area

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10
Q

What is climate?

A

Average weather in a certain area over time.

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11
Q

Why is water important?

A

Necessary for life processes, provides habitats, transportation.

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12
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

Density of air molecules decreases as altitude increases

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13
Q

What are the steps in the nitrogen cycle?

A

N2 in the air is unusable by most living things, nitrogen is needed for making DNA and protein. N gets into food by nitrogen fixation.

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14
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

The process by which bacteria living on plant roots convert unusable atmospheric nitrogen into usable nitrogen compounds.

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15
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Shows a single set of energy flow in an ecosystem.

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16
Q

What is a food web?

A

A model that shows the complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy within an ecosystem.

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17
Q

What are tropic levels?

A

Levels of hierarchy in an ecosystem determind by feeding relationships.

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18
Q

What is and energy pyramid?

A

Shows the tropic level of a food web, energy and matter flow because of the ten-percent rule.

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19
Q

What is the ten percent rule?

A

When organisms consume other organisms, about 10% of the energy/ matter gets transferred, the rest is lost by heat.

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20
Q

What is a joule?

A

A unit of measurement for energy

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21
Q

What is a population?

A

All individuals of a species in an area

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22
Q

What is a community?

A

All the living things in an area

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23
Q

What is a biome?

A

A collection of ecosystems sharing similar climates/geography

24
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The entire earth and the atmosphere around it.

25
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of organisms in a given amount of area

26
Q

What is competition?

A

The struggle between organisms to occupy the same habitat with the same resources.

27
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

Anything that keeps and organism from growing

28
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

The largest population that an environment can hold

29
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

Happens when population is over the carrying capacity, will result in a drop due to limiting factors.

30
Q

What is the birth rate?

A

The amount of offspring produced in a given period of time

31
Q

What is a death rate?

A

The amount of deaths in the same period of time

32
Q

What is immigration?

A

Moving into a population

33
Q

What is emigration?

A

Moving out of a population?

34
Q

What is exponential growth?

A

Population increased at a fixed percent each year; results from ideal environment conditions

35
Q

What is logistic growth?

A

Population increases in size and levels out at carrying capacity.

36
Q

What is extinction?

A

Loss of all member in a species.

37
Q

What does endangered mean?

A

A species whose population is at risk of extinction

38
Q

What does it mean if a species is threatened?

A

A species is at risk; but not yet endangered.

39
Q

What is an invasive species?

A

A nonnative species that outcompetes native species, threatening the food web.

40
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species that keeps an ecosystem together and stable, the removal of which has a major effect on the ecosystem.

41
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The diversity of species within an ecosystem, or genetics within a species.

42
Q

What is ecological value?

A

Species depend on each other

43
Q

What are human negatives on the environment?

A

Habitat destruction/fragmentation, poaching, pollution, invasive/nonnative species

44
Q

What are human positives?

A

Captive breeding, laws and treaties, habitats preservation, species reintroduction.

45
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Important with in a species, greater amount of this allow me for a greater ability to adapt to change.

46
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place within an ecosystem where an organism lives and obtains its resources.

47
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role an organism plays in its habitat

48
Q

What is a predator-prey interaction?

A

One organism kills another for food.

49
Q

What is a cooperative relationship?

A

Organisms of the same population work together

50
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both organisms benefit from

51
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One organism benefits the other isn’t affected.

52
Q

What is parasitism?

A

One organism benefits, the other is harmed.

53
Q

What is primary succession?

A

A community is so disturbed there is no life remaining and must be rebuilt from scratch.

54
Q

What are the two examples of primary succession?

A

Glacier melts and volcanic eruptions

55
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

A community is partially disturbed, so the remaining organisms act as the building blocks

Science Flashcards (4 decks)

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