Unit 5 Flashcards
What is a fossil?
The preserved remains or traces of an organism.
What are examples of fossils?
Skeletons, imprints, amber, casts, etc.
What is the principle of superposition?
The idea that newer rock layers are closer to the surface.
What is relative age dating?
Using the law of superposition to figure out a rocks age.
What is absolute dating?
Figuring out the age of a rock based off of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of volcanic (igneous) rock layers.
Traditional fossil
Show how traits have evolved over time in closely related species.
What is an example of a traditional fossil?
Archaeopteryx
What is a theory?
The proposed explanation based on a wide range of evidence.
Who was Jean-Baptiste Lamark?
Thought that organisms develop beneficial traits in their lifetime and pass them on to their offspring. INCORRECT
Who was Charles Darwin?
Thought that organisms in a population have variations and those with beneficial traits are more likely to pass them on.
What were Charles Darwins observations?
Environment played a role in the species found on each island and their traits.
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and create offspring that can reproduce.
What is natural selection?
Individuals inherit beneficial adaptations produce more offspring.
What is artificial selection?
Traits humans favor are kept.
What are the four principles?
Variation, overproduction, adaptation, selection
What is variation?
Individuals are different
What is overproduction?
Many offspring compete for resources
What is an adaption?
Variations in a population enable some to survive better
What is selection?
Overtime, a population will result in adaptations well suited for its environment.
What is evolution?
A change in the gene pool
What are the five fingers of evolution?
Natural selection, movement, mutation, sexual selection, small population
What is camouflage?
Adaptation by which an organism blends in with its environment to help it avoid detection either by predictors or prey.
What is mimicry?
An adaption by which an organism looks like another organism or object.
What is biogeography?
The study of where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past.
What are the two types of biogeography?
Divergent: close but different
Convergent: distant but similar
What is embryology?
Similarities in embryos suggests common ancestry
What is a homologous structure?
Similar structures that have been inherited from a common ancestor but have different functions.
What are analogous structures?
Structures that have developed the same function but have different structures.
What are vestigial structures?
Structures that no longer serve a function in modern day organisms but give indications that ancestors had developed structures.
What is molecular biology?
Similarities in DNA sequences indicate common ancestry.
What is sexual selection?
Indicó adíala choose mates based on same physical feature or access to a resource.
What is intersexual selection?
Selection in which there is competion between the sexes; usually female choice.
What is intrasexual selection?
Selection by which there is competition within the sex; usually male-male competition.
