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Science Flashcards > Science Unit 6 Review > Flashcards

Science Unit 6 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What macromolecule makes up the wood of trees

A

Cellulose

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2
Q

What are the two main forms of glucose

A

Cellulose and starch

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of kingdom Plantae

A

Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic

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4
Q

What does it mean if a plant is autotrophic

A

The organism produces their own food, either through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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5
Q

What are the main plant organs

A

Leaves, stem, roots

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6
Q

What are leaves used for?

A

Photosynthesis, gas exchange

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7
Q

What is the stem used for

A

Connects leaves, used for vertical support

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8
Q

What is the root used for?

A

Anchors plant, absorbs H2O, stores food (starch)

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9
Q

What are the main adaptions of kingdom plantae

A

Cuticle, cellulose, vascular tissue, and reproduction

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10
Q

What does a cuticle do?

A

Provides a waxy coating, reduces water loss

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11
Q

What does cellulose do?

A

Makes up cell walls, polymer of glucose

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12
Q

What does vascular tissue do?

A

Transports a material in plants

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13
Q

How do plants reproduce?

A

Seeds or spores

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14
Q

What are the main dispersal methods?

A

Wind, water, animals

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15
Q

What are non-vascular plants?

A

Plants without vascular tissues; low growing, with thin cell walls, and no roots; materials pass from cell to cell (osmosis/diffusion)

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16
Q

What is a rhizoid?

A

A structure that connects non-vascular seedless plants to a surface (similar to roots)

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17
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive structure of a seedless plant; no seed coat, often transported by water

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18
Q

What are vascular plants?

A

Plants with true vascular tissues; able to grow tall because of the ability to transport water and nutrients

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19
Q

What are examples of non-vascular plants?

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts (bryophytes)

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20
Q

What are examples of vascular plants?

A

Ferns, club mosses, horsetails (spores); gymnosperms (naked seeds); angiosperms (covered seeds)

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21
Q

What is an annual plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduced in one year

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22
Q

What is a biennial plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduces in two growing seasons

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23
Q

What is a perennial plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduced over many growing seasons

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24
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

Tissue that is responsible for transport within vascular plants

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25
Q

What is the xylem?

A

Tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals in vascular plants; upward from roots

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26
Q

What is the phloem?

A

Tissue that transports sugars in vascular plants; downward from leaves

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27
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The process by which a plant releases H2O vapor from the stomata, creating a vacuum, pulling more H2O up from the roots

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28
Q

What is the stomata?

A

Opening surrounded by two guard cells on the underside of a leaf that opens and closes for the exchange of gas

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29
Q

What is a tap root?

A

System containing one thick main root with hairs coming off of it

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30
Q

What is an example of a tap root?

A

Carrot, dandelion

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31
Q

What is a fibrous root?

A

A system containing many smaller roots that form a dense, tangled mess

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32
Q

What are some examples of a fibrous root?

A

Grass, corn

33
Q

What are the two types of stems?

A

Woody and herbaceous

34
Q

What are herbaceous stems?

A

Stems with no wood and is common to annual plants

35
Q

What’s an example of a herbaceous plant?

A

Dandelion and asparagus

36
Q

What is a woody stem?

A

A stem that has many layers of tissue with an outermost layer of bark

37
Q

What is a gymnosperm?

A

A plant without a covered seed- no protective fruit

38
Q

What are examples of gymnosperms?

A

Cycads, conifers, ginkgo

39
Q

What is an angiosperm?

A

A plant that has seeds covered by fruits

40
Q

What are examples of angiosperms?

A

Monocots, dicots

41
Q

What is a cotyledon?

A

The area of stored food in a seed

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a monocot

A

One cotyledon, flowering plant, parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles, flower parts in 3s or 6s

43
Q

What are the characteristics of a dicot

A

Two cotyledon, pinnate or palmate venation, flowering plant, ringed vascular bundles, flowering parts in fours, fives or sixes

44
Q

What is the function of a petal

A

Flower structure used to attract pollinators using coloration and patterns

45
Q

What is the function of the sepal?

A

Outermost flower structure, provides protection for developing flower; can look like leaves or petals

46
Q

What is the whole female reproductive organ?

A

The pistil

47
Q

What does the stigma do?

A

Female structure with a sticky substance used to capture pollen

48
Q

What is the style?

A

Tube down to which the pollen travels

49
Q

What is the ovary?

A

Location of fertilization; eggs are stored here

50
Q

What is the main reproductive male structure?

A

The stamen

51
Q

Where is pollen produced?

A

The anther

52
Q

What is the filament?

A

The male structure that holds up the anther

53
Q

What is pollination?

A

The process by which pollen is transferred from one flower to another

54
Q

What is fertilization?

A

The process by which an egg cell is joined with a sperm cell; takes place in the ovary of plants

55
Q

What is a petiole

A

Structure attaching leaf to stem

56
Q

What is a simple leaf?

A

One leaf per petiole

57
Q

What is a compound leaf?

A

Multiple leaves per petiole

58
Q

What is a palmate compound leaf?

A

Multiple leaves fanning out from the same point on a petiole

59
Q

What is a pinnate compound leaf?

A

Multiple leaves form on along a long periole

60
Q

What is a pinnate leaf?

A

Dominant center vein with other veins branching off middle

61
Q

What is a palmate leaf?

A

Multiple prominate veins originate from a single point near the base of the leaf

62
Q

What is a reticulate leaf?

A

Web like venation along both sides of the mid rim

63
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

6CO2+6H2O—> C6H12O2+6O2

64
Q

What is tropism?

A

The response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus

65
Q

What is phototropism?

A

Plants response to the sun

66
Q

What is thigmitrophism?

A

Plants respond to touch

67
Q

What is gravitropism?

A

Plants response to gravity

68
Q

What is photoperiodism?

A

Plants response to the number of hours on a day

69
Q

What are long-day plants?

A

Flower when exposed to less than 10-12 hours of sunlight

70
Q

What are short-day plants?

A

Flower when exposed to more than 10-12 hours of darkness

71
Q

What are day-neutral plants?

A

Not dependent on amount of sunlight or darkness

72
Q

What are auxins?

A

Plant hormone that increases plant growth; responsible for phototropism

73
Q

What is ethylene?

A

Plant hormone that stimulates the ripening of fruit; given off by ripe or rotting fruits

74
Q

What are the four main types of plant tissues?

A

Meristematic, dermal, ground, vascular

75
Q

What is meristematic tissue?

A

Tip of the root and end of the shoot; location of all new plant cells

76
Q

What is dermal tissue?

A

Single layer that forms a protective skin, secretes a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, often called epidermis

77
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

Transports water, minerals and sugars between roots and shoots, arranged in strands called vascular bundles, made up of the xylem and phloem

78
Q

What is ground tissue?

A

The location of metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, provides support and storage for the plant, fills the space between the epidermis and vascular bundles that support the plant

Science Flashcards (4 decks)

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