Science Unit 6 Review Flashcards
What macromolecule makes up the wood of trees
Cellulose
What are the two main forms of glucose
Cellulose and starch
What are the characteristics of kingdom Plantae
Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic
What does it mean if a plant is autotrophic
The organism produces their own food, either through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
What are the main plant organs
Leaves, stem, roots
What are leaves used for?
Photosynthesis, gas exchange
What is the stem used for
Connects leaves, used for vertical support
What is the root used for?
Anchors plant, absorbs H2O, stores food (starch)
What are the main adaptions of kingdom plantae
Cuticle, cellulose, vascular tissue, and reproduction
What does a cuticle do?
Provides a waxy coating, reduces water loss
What does cellulose do?
Makes up cell walls, polymer of glucose
What does vascular tissue do?
Transports a material in plants
How do plants reproduce?
Seeds or spores
What are the main dispersal methods?
Wind, water, animals
What are non-vascular plants?
Plants without vascular tissues; low growing, with thin cell walls, and no roots; materials pass from cell to cell (osmosis/diffusion)
What is a rhizoid?
A structure that connects non-vascular seedless plants to a surface (similar to roots)
What is a spore?
A reproductive structure of a seedless plant; no seed coat, often transported by water
What are vascular plants?
Plants with true vascular tissues; able to grow tall because of the ability to transport water and nutrients
What are examples of non-vascular plants?
Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts (bryophytes)
What are examples of vascular plants?
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails (spores); gymnosperms (naked seeds); angiosperms (covered seeds)
What is an annual plant?
A plant that grows and reproduced in one year
What is a biennial plant?
A plant that grows and reproduces in two growing seasons
What is a perennial plant?
A plant that grows and reproduced over many growing seasons
What is vascular tissue?
Tissue that is responsible for transport within vascular plants
What is the xylem?
Tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals in vascular plants; upward from roots
What is the phloem?
Tissue that transports sugars in vascular plants; downward from leaves
What is transpiration?
The process by which a plant releases H2O vapor from the stomata, creating a vacuum, pulling more H2O up from the roots
What is the stomata?
Opening surrounded by two guard cells on the underside of a leaf that opens and closes for the exchange of gas
What is a tap root?
System containing one thick main root with hairs coming off of it
What is an example of a tap root?
Carrot, dandelion
What is a fibrous root?
A system containing many smaller roots that form a dense, tangled mess
What are some examples of a fibrous root?
Grass, corn
What are the two types of stems?
Woody and herbaceous
What are herbaceous stems?
Stems with no wood and is common to annual plants
What’s an example of a herbaceous plant?
Dandelion and asparagus
What is a woody stem?
A stem that has many layers of tissue with an outermost layer of bark
What is a gymnosperm?
A plant without a covered seed- no protective fruit
What are examples of gymnosperms?
Cycads, conifers, ginkgo
What is an angiosperm?
A plant that has seeds covered by fruits
What are examples of angiosperms?
Monocots, dicots
What is a cotyledon?
The area of stored food in a seed
What are the characteristics of a monocot
One cotyledon, flowering plant, parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles, flower parts in 3s or 6s
What are the characteristics of a dicot
Two cotyledon, pinnate or palmate venation, flowering plant, ringed vascular bundles, flowering parts in fours, fives or sixes
What is the function of a petal
Flower structure used to attract pollinators using coloration and patterns
What is the function of the sepal?
Outermost flower structure, provides protection for developing flower; can look like leaves or petals
What is the whole female reproductive organ?
The pistil
What does the stigma do?
Female structure with a sticky substance used to capture pollen
What is the style?
Tube down to which the pollen travels
What is the ovary?
Location of fertilization; eggs are stored here
What is the main reproductive male structure?
The stamen
Where is pollen produced?
The anther
What is the filament?
The male structure that holds up the anther
What is pollination?
The process by which pollen is transferred from one flower to another
What is fertilization?
The process by which an egg cell is joined with a sperm cell; takes place in the ovary of plants
What is a petiole
Structure attaching leaf to stem
What is a simple leaf?
One leaf per petiole
What is a compound leaf?
Multiple leaves per petiole
What is a palmate compound leaf?
Multiple leaves fanning out from the same point on a petiole
What is a pinnate compound leaf?
Multiple leaves form on along a long periole
What is a pinnate leaf?
Dominant center vein with other veins branching off middle
What is a palmate leaf?
Multiple prominate veins originate from a single point near the base of the leaf
What is a reticulate leaf?
Web like venation along both sides of the mid rim
What is the photosynthesis equation?
6CO2+6H2O—> C6H12O2+6O2
What is tropism?
The response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus
What is phototropism?
Plants response to the sun
What is thigmitrophism?
Plants respond to touch
What is gravitropism?
Plants response to gravity
What is photoperiodism?
Plants response to the number of hours on a day
What are long-day plants?
Flower when exposed to less than 10-12 hours of sunlight
What are short-day plants?
Flower when exposed to more than 10-12 hours of darkness
What are day-neutral plants?
Not dependent on amount of sunlight or darkness
What are auxins?
Plant hormone that increases plant growth; responsible for phototropism
What is ethylene?
Plant hormone that stimulates the ripening of fruit; given off by ripe or rotting fruits
What are the four main types of plant tissues?
Meristematic, dermal, ground, vascular
What is meristematic tissue?
Tip of the root and end of the shoot; location of all new plant cells
What is dermal tissue?
Single layer that forms a protective skin, secretes a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, often called epidermis
What is vascular tissue?
Transports water, minerals and sugars between roots and shoots, arranged in strands called vascular bundles, made up of the xylem and phloem
What is ground tissue?
The location of metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, provides support and storage for the plant, fills the space between the epidermis and vascular bundles that support the plant
